Download Hydrogen Sulfide Safety

Industrial Safety and Health
Integrated Master’s Degree in Chemical Engineering
May 2014
HYDROGEN SULFIDE
SAFETY ANALYSIS
Student: Raisa Oliveira, nº 69337
Teacher: Mª Fernanda Carvalho
2
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
3
ABOUT HYDROGEN SULFIDE
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
4
INTRODUCTION
Hydrogen Sulfide
“Sulfureto/Sulfeto de Hidrogénio”
Other common names for the
H2S are:
• Sulfuretted Hydrogen
• Hydrosulfuric Acid
• Sulfur Hydride
• Sewer Gas
• Sour Gas
• Colorless Gas
• Flammable
• Extremely Hazardous gas
• “Rotter Egg” smell (low concentration)
• Sweetish odor (at higher concentration)
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
The odor of H2S can be
felt in concentrations as
low as 8,1 ppm!
Above air’s molecular weight
(28,9 g/mol)
Above air’s air density
(1,225 / )
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
PROPERTIES
Property
Value
Molecular Weight
34,081 g/mol
Boiling Point (1,013 bar)
-60,2ºC
Density (1,013 bar and
15ºC)
Since it’s more dense then air, this gas
tends to settle lower to the ground and in
depressions.
5
1,4534
/
Autoignition Temperature
270ºC
Low Flammable Limit
4,3%
Upper Explosive Limit
46%
Solubility (water)
3850 mg/L (0,385%)
Solubility (organic
compounds)
~ 1,2%
6
PICTOGRAMS
Directive 67/548/EEC
New pictograms for H2S (to
replace the current by 2015)
Regulation (CE) n.º 1272/2008
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
7
EXPOSURE EFFECTS AND TOXICITY
Dermal Exposure
Prolonged or massive exposure may
cause burning, itching, redness, and
painful inflammation of the skin.
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
Ocular Exposure
Eye irritation may result in
inflammation (keratoconjunctivitis)
and clouding of the eye surface.
Inhalation
The worst type of exposition,
might lead to death by
asphyxiation.
8
EXPOSURE EFFECTS AND TOXICITY
Inhalation Exposure Effects
• Blocks the oxidative process of tissue cells
• Reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood
• Depresses the nervous system
• Causes respiratory failure and asphyxiation
Gastrointestinal: Symptoms may include nausea and vomiting.
Renal: Transient renal effects include blood, casts, and protein
in the urine.
Cardiovascular: High-dose exposures may cause insufficient
cardiac output, irregular heartbeat.
Do not trust your
sense of smell!
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
H2S
Concentration
(ppm)
Exposure
Time
Effects
0,05-5
1 min
Characteristic smell detection
10-30
6-8 h
Eye irritation
50-100
30 min – 1 h
Conjunctivitis, breathing dificulties
150-200
2-15 min
Deadens the sense of smell
250-350
2-15 min
Eye irritation
350-450
2-15 min
Loss of consciousness, convulsions
500-600
2-15 min
Breathing and circulatory failure (loss of
consciousness and death if exposure
lasts up to 30 minutes)
700-1500
0-2 min
Rapid consciousness, death through
respiratory paralysis and asphyxiation.
CARING FOR THE AFFECTED
9
Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy
• Contact with the skin
Throrough washing for 15 minutes, use saline solution and anesthetic
in the form of ointment.
• Contact with the eyes
Thorough washing with saline solution for 15 minutes, use boric acid
solution or isotonic saline solution.
• Inhaling
Move the person imediately from the contaminated area, taking
them to fresh air at once. If their breathing has stopped, perform
artificial respiration and ressucitation measures.
• Further treatment includes abundant use of oxygen in order
to reduce the concentration of H2S in the affected.
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
Caution should be taken during
the application of artificial
respiration not to inhale air
directly from the victim's lungs. This
could also result in the rescuer
being overcome.
10
HYDRODESSULFURIZATION PROCESS AND H2S – TREATMENT OF
GAS STREAMS, HAZARD EQUIPAMENT, PREVENTION
THROUGH TECHNLOGY
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
11
INDUSTRY AND THE H2S: HYDRODESULFURIZATION
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
12
AMINE TREATING: H2S REMOVAL
↔
What to do with the
resulting gas from this
treatment?
Is it impossible not to send
this dangerous gas to the
atmosphere?
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
13
CLAUS PROCESS: H2S TRANSFORMATION
3
2
2
→
→3
2
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
14
HAZARD EQUIPAMENT
Used for concentrations up to100 ppm
Immediately Dangerous to Life and
Health (IDLH) used for
concentrations equal or above 100
ppm
Full-face air purifying
respirators
Self-contained breathing
apparatuses
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
Fire-resistant clothing
15
PREVENTION THROUGH TECHNLOGY
H2S-only detectors
Detectors for H2S and other
gases (multiple detectors)
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://www.europia.eu
https://osha.europa.eu
http://chemengineering.wikispaces.com/Claus+process
•
•
http://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/
http://www.safetyadvantage.net/
“Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design”, J.J. McKetta and W.A. Cunningham Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc, NY, 1976.
Mainier, Fernando B. ; Viola, Eliana D. M; O SULFETO DE HIDROGÊNIO (H2S) E O MEIO AMBIENTE (UFF) - http://www.aedb.br/seget/artigos05/261_H2S.pdf
http://www.alfalaval.com/industries/Oil-refinery/amine-treating/Pages/amine-treating.aspx
•
•
•
http://www.flexim.com/pt-br/oil-and-gas/midstream-gas/gas-processing/gas-sweetening
http://articles.compressionjobs.com/articles/oilfield-101/2711-gas-dehydration-lts-hydrates-sweetening-amine
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health
16
17
Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health