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Industrial Safety and Health Integrated Master’s Degree in Chemical Engineering May 2014 HYDROGEN SULFIDE SAFETY ANALYSIS Student: Raisa Oliveira, nº 69337 Teacher: Mª Fernanda Carvalho 2 Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health 3 ABOUT HYDROGEN SULFIDE Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health 4 INTRODUCTION Hydrogen Sulfide “Sulfureto/Sulfeto de Hidrogénio” Other common names for the H2S are: • Sulfuretted Hydrogen • Hydrosulfuric Acid • Sulfur Hydride • Sewer Gas • Sour Gas • Colorless Gas • Flammable • Extremely Hazardous gas • “Rotter Egg” smell (low concentration) • Sweetish odor (at higher concentration) Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health The odor of H2S can be felt in concentrations as low as 8,1 ppm! Above air’s molecular weight (28,9 g/mol) Above air’s air density (1,225 / ) Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health PROPERTIES Property Value Molecular Weight 34,081 g/mol Boiling Point (1,013 bar) -60,2ºC Density (1,013 bar and 15ºC) Since it’s more dense then air, this gas tends to settle lower to the ground and in depressions. 5 1,4534 / Autoignition Temperature 270ºC Low Flammable Limit 4,3% Upper Explosive Limit 46% Solubility (water) 3850 mg/L (0,385%) Solubility (organic compounds) ~ 1,2% 6 PICTOGRAMS Directive 67/548/EEC New pictograms for H2S (to replace the current by 2015) Regulation (CE) n.º 1272/2008 Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health 7 EXPOSURE EFFECTS AND TOXICITY Dermal Exposure Prolonged or massive exposure may cause burning, itching, redness, and painful inflammation of the skin. Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health Ocular Exposure Eye irritation may result in inflammation (keratoconjunctivitis) and clouding of the eye surface. Inhalation The worst type of exposition, might lead to death by asphyxiation. 8 EXPOSURE EFFECTS AND TOXICITY Inhalation Exposure Effects • Blocks the oxidative process of tissue cells • Reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood • Depresses the nervous system • Causes respiratory failure and asphyxiation Gastrointestinal: Symptoms may include nausea and vomiting. Renal: Transient renal effects include blood, casts, and protein in the urine. Cardiovascular: High-dose exposures may cause insufficient cardiac output, irregular heartbeat. Do not trust your sense of smell! Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health H2S Concentration (ppm) Exposure Time Effects 0,05-5 1 min Characteristic smell detection 10-30 6-8 h Eye irritation 50-100 30 min – 1 h Conjunctivitis, breathing dificulties 150-200 2-15 min Deadens the sense of smell 250-350 2-15 min Eye irritation 350-450 2-15 min Loss of consciousness, convulsions 500-600 2-15 min Breathing and circulatory failure (loss of consciousness and death if exposure lasts up to 30 minutes) 700-1500 0-2 min Rapid consciousness, death through respiratory paralysis and asphyxiation. CARING FOR THE AFFECTED 9 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy • Contact with the skin Throrough washing for 15 minutes, use saline solution and anesthetic in the form of ointment. • Contact with the eyes Thorough washing with saline solution for 15 minutes, use boric acid solution or isotonic saline solution. • Inhaling Move the person imediately from the contaminated area, taking them to fresh air at once. If their breathing has stopped, perform artificial respiration and ressucitation measures. • Further treatment includes abundant use of oxygen in order to reduce the concentration of H2S in the affected. Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health Caution should be taken during the application of artificial respiration not to inhale air directly from the victim's lungs. This could also result in the rescuer being overcome. 10 HYDRODESSULFURIZATION PROCESS AND H2S – TREATMENT OF GAS STREAMS, HAZARD EQUIPAMENT, PREVENTION THROUGH TECHNLOGY Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health 11 INDUSTRY AND THE H2S: HYDRODESULFURIZATION Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health 12 AMINE TREATING: H2S REMOVAL ↔ What to do with the resulting gas from this treatment? Is it impossible not to send this dangerous gas to the atmosphere? Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health 13 CLAUS PROCESS: H2S TRANSFORMATION 3 2 2 → →3 2 Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health 14 HAZARD EQUIPAMENT Used for concentrations up to100 ppm Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) used for concentrations equal or above 100 ppm Full-face air purifying respirators Self-contained breathing apparatuses Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health Fire-resistant clothing 15 PREVENTION THROUGH TECHNLOGY H2S-only detectors Detectors for H2S and other gases (multiple detectors) Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health BIBLIOGRAPHY https://www.europia.eu https://osha.europa.eu http://chemengineering.wikispaces.com/Claus+process • • http://echa.europa.eu/regulations/reach/ http://www.safetyadvantage.net/ “Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design”, J.J. McKetta and W.A. Cunningham Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc, NY, 1976. Mainier, Fernando B. ; Viola, Eliana D. M; O SULFETO DE HIDROGÊNIO (H2S) E O MEIO AMBIENTE (UFF) - http://www.aedb.br/seget/artigos05/261_H2S.pdf http://www.alfalaval.com/industries/Oil-refinery/amine-treating/Pages/amine-treating.aspx • • • http://www.flexim.com/pt-br/oil-and-gas/midstream-gas/gas-processing/gas-sweetening http://articles.compressionjobs.com/articles/oilfield-101/2711-gas-dehydration-lts-hydrates-sweetening-amine Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health 16 17 Hydrogen Sulfide Safety Analysis - Industrial and Safety Health