Download Biol 211 (1) Exam 1 Review

Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Biology 211 Exam 1 Review!
Chapter 1!
!Scientific Method:!
1. List the five characteristics of science.
a. !
2. Complete the following table.
Term
Definition
Hypothesis
Facts
Theory
3. Name and describe are the two kinds of reasoning used in scientific endeavors.
a.
b.
4. List the five steps of the scientific method (hypothesis-based).
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
!
!
Origins and History of Life:!
1. List the seven characteristics of living things.!
a.
2. What are the two main theories for the origin of life on Earth? Describe each.!
a.
b.
3. Complete the following table.!
!
!
!
Stage of Life
More Info (I.e. Evidence/Why Important)
1
2
3
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Professor: Roe
Stage of Life
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
More Info (I.e. Evidence/Why Important)
4
4. Most rocks with fossils are ________. Older rock is deeper and therefore ______
organisms are deeper in the rock bed. !
5. The oldest fossil are found in _______, which are approximately ___ billion years old. !
6. Oxygen began accumulating in the atmosphere due to photosynthesis about ____ billion
years ago, which was known as the _____ _______.
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Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
!
!
Chapter 36!
Viruses:!
!
!
!
!
1. Watch super cool videos:
a. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kYf_Sl8W3qY
b. https://vimeo.com/9828553
2. Label all of the following from the image to
the right:
a. ___________________
b. ___________________
c. ___________________
d. ___________________
e. ___________________
f. ___________________
3. Viral _______ refers to the spread of infectious
virions from one individual to another.
a. Transmission
4. Write in the blanks whether the statement
refers to the lytic cycle or the lysogenic cycle
of a virus.
a. The cell reproduces normally during the _______ cycle.
b. New phages are assembled from viral DNA and proteins during the _______
cycle.
c. The cell is broken open during the _______ cycle.
d. The viral DNA integrates into the chromosome of the host cell during the
_______ cycle.
e. The host is destroyed during the _______ cycle.
5. Label each type of virus cycle in the image below.
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Professor: Roe
!
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
6. Name and define the three hypotheses of the origin of viruses.
Hypothesis
Definition
!
Subviral Agents:!
Subviral Agent Definition
Cause of ______.
!
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Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
!
Chapter 29!
Prokaryotes:!
7. What do we mean when we say prokaryotes are ubiquitous? Give an example of this
ubiquity.
a.
!
8. The cell walls of bacteria are made of which of the following?
a. Chitin
b. Peptidoglycan
c. Cellulose
d. Stromatolites
9. What colors do Gram negative and Gram positive stain? How does the Gram negative
cell wall differ from the Gram positive cell wall? Which is susceptible to penicillin?
a.
!
!
b.
10. Complete the table below
Why Prokaryotes are
successful?
Details for each attribute.
1
2
3
4
5
!
11. Complete the following chart based on genetic recombination.
Lateral Gene Transfer Type
Definition
1
2
3
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Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
12. Compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs. What are chemoautotrophs and
photoautotrophs?
a. Autotrophs:
i. Chemoautotrophs:
ii. Photoautotrophs:
b. Heterotrophs:
13. Name and describe the three metabolic types with respect to oxygen:
a.
!
!
!
!
b.
c.
14. Nitrogen ______ is when prokaryotes convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia
(NH3).
15. Complete the following chart with simple answers of yes or no.
Character
Bacteria
Archaea
Eukarya
Membrane bound
nucleus
Peptidoglycan in cell
walls
16. Match
a.
b.
c.
the term to the correct definition for the Domain Archaea.
Thrive in very hot environments
Live in highly saline environments (>30%)
Live in anaerobic environments, such as the intestinal tract of
cattle
17. About ________ of all human diseases are caused by prokaryotes.
18. List at least two examples of prokaryotic-caused diseases in humans
a.
b.
19. Describe the difference between exotoxins and endotoxins in bacteria.
a. Exotoxins:
i. Ex:
b. Endotoxins:
i. Ex:
20. Provide at least three reasons why prokaryotes are important.
a.
b.
c.
!
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Professor: Roe
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
!
Chapter 30!
!
1. Most Protists are ____cellular Eukaryotes and have a ______,which is where DNA is
located and membrane bound. Prokaryotes are ____trophs.
2. What is the theory that describes how Eukaryotes came to be? Explain.
a. !7
3. What are two organelles found in eukaryotes today that were possibly prokaryotes at
one point in time? What do we predict each organelle is a decedent from?
a.
b.
!
!
4. Describe the difference between primary and secondary endosymbiosis. What evidence
do we have of secondary enodsymbiosis?
a.
b.
5. Multiple Choice: Meiosis results in . . .
!
!
a. Four genetically distinct daughter cells
b. Four genetically identical daughter cells
c. Two identical daughter cells
d. Two distinct daughter cells
6. During meiosis, a cell goes from_________to four________cells.
7. During mitosis, a cell goes from diploid to ________. It can also go from haploid to
_______.
8. What is an example of a multicellular protist?
a.
9. Alternation of Generations is a type of life cycle in which a multicellular ______ stage
alternates with a multicellular ______ stage.
10. Complete the chart below
!
Supergroup
Major Clades
Key Morphological Characteristics
Specific Examples
Diplomonad
Parabasalid
Euglenozoa
Alveolata
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Professor: Roe
Supergroup
S.I. Leader: Stephanie Schneider
Major Clades
Key Morphological Characteristics
Specific Examples
Apicomplexans
Ciliates
Stramenopiles
Oomycetes
Diatoms
Brown Algae
Foraminifera
Radiolaria
Red Algae
Green Algae
Amoebozoa
11. Two major groups of Clade Euglenozoa
Group
Key Morphological Characteristics
Specific Examples
12. Three major groups of Clade Alveolata
Group
Key Morphological Characteristics
Specific Examples
13. Two important groups of Clade Amoebozoa
Group
Key Morphological Characteristics
Specific Examples
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