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Can travel through Space (no air in space) radiation Is the DIRECT transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves. 1. visible light 3 ways sun’s energy reaches the Earth 2. infrared radiation (heat) 3. ultraviolet radiation visible light ROY-G-BIV UV rays Causes sunburn ultraviolet radiation SMALLEST amount of radiation reaching Earth What happens to sun’s energy R when it reaches Earth? A Reflected back into space by clouds Absorbed by the earth’s surface (water,land) R A R A S R Reflected back the earth’s surface A Absorbed by atmosphere/clouds S Scattered by dust Greenhouse effect Like a blanket Keeps Earth warm thermometer Measures temperature 2 most common temperature scales Celsius Freeze 0 C Boil 100 C Fahrenheit 32 F 212 F Definition: HEAT Energy transferred from a hotter to a colder object to Helpful + Greenhouse Effect Protects plants and people from harmful UV rays; keeps planet warm enough Harmful Traps too much carbon dioxide; warms up planet Degrees UNITS for TEMPERATURE? Temperature The AVERAGE amount of ENERGY of MOTION in each MOLECULE of a substance (definition) WAYS HEAT CAN BE TRASNFERRED Hint: CCR CONDUCTION TRANSFER OF HEAT by DIRECT TOUCH TRANSFER of HEAT by movement of a FLUID CONVECTION FLUID = FLOWS Direct Transfer of Heat by ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES RADIATION DENSITY of AIR Cold Air is MORE dense than hot air C>H What causes WIND? Uneven heating of atmosphere anemometer Measures wind SPEED Wind Vane Shows wind DIRECTION N,S,E,W 1. SEA BREEZE 2. LAND BREEZE 3. MONSOON monsoon Sea / land breeze over a LARGE AREA that changes with the season. Monsoon season Like in Forrest Gump movie monsoon Rained, rained, rained … HINT Coriolis Effect CORIOLIS CURVIOLIS Coriolis Effect Wind in northern hemispshere curve RIGHT Wind in southern hemisphere curve LEFT 1. Doldrums 2. Trade Winds 3. Prevailing Westerlies 4. Polar Easterlies Doldrums Near equator Dol-drum Very calm, weak wind Steady winds Trade Winds Equator to 30 Prevailing Westerlies 30 - 60 WEST TO east Polar Easterlies 60 – Poles EAST to west 1. cumulus 2. stratus 3 Main Types of Clouds 3. cirrus Examples: Horse latitudes 30 N 30 S latitudes How / When Do CLOUDS FORM ? When WATER VAPOR (gas) becomes LIQUID or ICE CRYSTALS Feathery Wispy Horse tail looking Cumulonimbus Clouds Thunderstorm Clouds barometer ???? Barometer Measures changes in air pressure Strata = layer stratus clouds dew point Layers of clouds; often cover most of the sky On a ‘gray day’ The temperature at which water in the air turns into water (droplets) Cotton ball, puffy Cumulus clouds Thermal energy Total amount of energy Vs. Temperature FLUIDS (like air) & AIR PRESSURE relationship psychrometer Vs. Average amount of energy Moves HIGH TOWARD Low High to Low Instrument that measures Relative humidity Rain gauge Measures how much precipitation falls to the earth UV Radiation Absorption OZONE absorbs most of it INFRARED RADIATION MOST of the energy that heats the Earth is INFRARED RADIATION sun’s heat Greenhouse Effect How is the TROPOSPHERE heated? the PROCESS by which gases (ozone) holds HEAT in the ATMOSPHERE Mostly by CONVECTION troposphere = weather weather = hot, cold, wet, dry, windy CONVECTION happens because Global Winds Vs. Local Winds Global winds over very LARGE areas Local winds over small areas Comes from the land Land Breeze Land cools faster than sea Warmer air over sea rises – cooler air from land moves toward sea Comes from the sea Sea Breeze Sea heats up slower than land Warmer land air rises – cooler air from sea moves toward the land. Sea Breeze Breezy DAY at SEAshore Sand warms up before sea Land Breeze Land COOLS off slower than sea Gnats / mosquitos from the sand dune grasses bite! condensation Forms especially when glass is cold and it’s warm outside Ice tea in the summer? precipitation ANY water that FALLS from the clouds RAIN to SNOW ratio to 1 : 10 cloud seeding silver iodide & dry ice Wind chill factor When the air FEELS cooler than it really is because of the wind drought Little or no RAIN for LONG periods of time Restricted lawn watering sleet Snow falls, then melts into rain then refreezes and falls as SLEET Snow falls, Then melts into rain Freezing rain BUT Only FREEZES when it HITS the GROUND Sleet vs. Freezing Rain psychrometer Remember fanning it to make the wet paper evaporate & cool?
