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Goal Polio cases drop by 99 per cent from 1988 to 2000 Global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000 Estimated number of polio cases Figures in thousands 0 50 100 150 200 250 1991 134,900 1992 137,700 1993 75,300 1994 72,500 59,900 32,800 18,500 1998 10,900 1999 10,100 2000 Eradication 233,600 1990 1997 » Polio 260,900 1989 1996 350 344,900 1988 1995 300 3,500 Narrowing in on polio, 2000 Result Polio cases have declined by 99 per cent since the launch of the polio eradication initiative in 1988, from 350,000 to less than 3,500 in 2000. Large areas of the world, including North and South America, Europe, the Commonwealth of Independent States, South-East Asia, China, and northern and southern Africa are polio-free. Polio immunization remains high, with more than 550 million children immunized in 2000 alone through National Immunization Days. Polio surveillance Countries reporting polio cases (polio is not endemic in all of them) has improved significantly. No reported polio cases … but Surveillance improves in 10 high-priority countries, 1999 and 2000 Region Country Number of reported polio cases Non-polio AFP* detected (per 100,000 under 15) Target: at least 1 case 1999 2000 2000 South Asia India Pakistan Bangladesh Afghanistan 2,817 558 393 150 265 199 198 120 2.0 1.5 1.9 1.1 Africa Nigeria Congo, Dem. Rep. Ethiopia Angola Somalia Sudan 981 45 131 1,103 19 60 637 513 144 119 96 79 0.7 2.3 0.7 1.6 2.2 1.4 *Non-polio acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) detection is a sensitive indicator of the precision of a polio surveillance system. Given the normal frequency of non-polio AFP in a population, an effective surveillance system should diagnose at least one case per 100,000 population under the age of 15. The increase in reported polio cases in some countries is mainly attributable to the increased quality of the surveillance system and does not reflect an increase in the number of polio cases. Source for graph, map and table: WHO, July 2001. Polio is still endemic in 20 countries, most of them extremely poor, heavily populated and/or devastated by civil war, making it difficult to reach and immunize children. Issue Polio is a highly infectious disease that has paralysed millions of children. The polio virus spreads silently and rapidly – only the first case of paralysis triggers awareness of an outbreak. Polio cannot be cured but it can be prevented by immunization. Eradication of polio involves both halting the incidence (the number of new cases) of the disease and the worldwide eradication of poliovirus, the virus that causes it. The world will be certified polio-free after at least three years of no new cases reported due to indigenous wild poliovirus. 27