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4/1/14 Chapter 11: Sec/ons 1 & 3-‐5 The Chemical Elements Chemistry, the study of • Composi/on & structure of maAer • Chemical change via reac/ons Homework: M: d-‐g, i-‐w & y; MC: 2, 5-‐12; FIB: 1-‐3, 5-‐12; SA: 2-‐4, 7-‐9, 13, 16, 19, 20, 24-‐27; Ex: 2-‐18 (even), 22-‐26 (even) & 30. Major Chemistry Divisions • Physical Chem – applies physics theories • Analytical Chem – identifies and quantitates substances • Organic Chemistry – carbon compounds • Inorganic Chemistry – non-carbon compounds • Biochemistry – chemical reactions that occur in living organisms 1 4/1/14 Classifica5on of Ma7er 2 4/1/14 Aqueous Solu5ons Supersaturated Solu/on Video 3 4/1/14 4 4/1/14 Elements: pure form or w/in compound Compound: neutral par/cle of two or more atoms 5 4/1/14 Diatomic Elements Allotropes of Oxygen Allotropes of Carbon 6 4/1/14 • Mendeleev: organized by atomic mass • Predicted Ga, Sc and Ge • Current organiza/on: by atomic number 7 4/1/14 Valence e-‐, Core e-‐ & Ionic Charge • Valence e-‐: electrons in outer-‐most shell • Core e-‐: next lowest noble gas • Ionic charge: octet rule; noble gas configura/on Rela5ve Atomic Size 8 4/1/14 Ionization energy: amount of energy required to remove an electron from an atom Naming Compounds • Ionic: metal w/ nonmetal • Molecular (covalent): two or more nonmetals • Excep/ons: H2O, NH3, CH4 • Prefixes (molecular): mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa • Polyatomic ions: acetate, bicarbonate, carbonate, hydroxide, nitrate, sulfate, phosphate, ammonium 9
