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Name: ___________________________________ Date: __________________ Class: ______________ Atmosphere & Weather Ch 15 sec. 2 & 3 Energy Transfer in the Environment (section 2) A. Earth’s energy is provided by ____________________________. B. Energy is important to us because it: a. Drives ______________________________________________________________________________ b. Allows plants to ______________________________________________________________________ c. Provides nutrition for __________________________________________________________________ C. When Earth receives energy from the Sun three things may happen to the energy: a. Reflected ________________________________________________________________ b. Absorbed ________________________________________________________________ c. ______________________________ by land and water. D. Heat is energy that flows from an object with a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature. Does land or water absorb the Sun’s energy faster? ____________________ E. Three ways heat is transferred through the atmosphere: a. _________________________ - energy that is transferred in the form of rays or waves. Earth radiates some of the energy it absorbs from the sun back toward ________________. It’s also how you feel the warmth of the sun __________________________________. b. _________________________ - the transfer of energy when molecules bump into one another. Molecules are always in _________________ and when warmer, faster-moving objects touch cooler, slow-moving objects energy is _____________________________. c. _________________________ - the transfer of heat by _______________________________________. As air is _________________, the molecules move apart = less dense air. Air pressure ________________________ because the air is less dense. In cold air, molecules move closer together so the air is more _______________ and air pressure _______________________. Cooler, denser air ______________ while warmer, less dense air _____________, forming a _________________________________________________________. What is a hydrosphere? A. It is ______________________________________________________________________________________. B. What happens to a puddle? It gets ____________________ over time because ______________________ from the sun causes the water in the puddle to change from a _____________________________________________ by _______________________________. Water vapor enters the ____________________________________. If water vapor in the ______________________________ cools enough, it changes back into a ______________ by the process called _____________________________________. C. Why is life unique to Earth? The ____________________________ holds just the right amount of ______________________________________________. Air Movement (section 3) A. How is wind formed? Wind is the ________________________ of air from an area of _________________________________________ to an area of _______________________________________ due to the uneven heating of Earth’s surface. B. Do different areas of Earth receive different amounts of radiation from the sun? _________ Why? Because the Earth is curved, the Equator receives more __________________________ than the areas to the ___________________________________________. C. The ____________, _____________ air coming from the ______________ receives less ___________________ from the ____________, making the air at the poles much ______________________. This results in the ______________, __________________________ air sinking and moving along Earth’s surface. D. The Coriolis Effect: When the _____________________ of Earth causes moving air & water to appear to turn to the ____________ North of the equator and to the ____________ South of the equator. E. What are Global Winds? The wind patterns that help ships to navigate the oceans (especially early sailors). a. Three different surface winds: i. Trade winds- also called ______________________________, found at 30˚ North and South Latitude ii. Prevailing Westerlies – Blow in ___________________________________________________, responsible for the movement of weather across _____________________________________, found between 30˚ and 60˚ Latitudes iii. Polar Easterlies – Found near _____________________ F. Winds in the Upper Troposphere a. Narrow belts of strong winds called ____________________________, blow near the top of the Troposphere. Features of the Jet Streams: i. Polar ___________________________ form at the __________________________ of _________, __________ polar air to the _________________ and ___________________, more moist tropical air to the ________________. ii. Moves _________________ in the _________________ because the difference between ___________ and ___________ air is ___________________! iii. Helps move __________________ across the ______________________. iv. Helps pilots flying ______________________ to save time and fuel. v. What are the doldrums? Along the equator, heating causes air to expand, creating a zone of low pressure. Cloudy, rainy weather develops almost every afternoon called the Doldrums. G. Local Wind Systems a. Sea breezes i. The movement of ________ toward the ____________ from the _______________. ii. Created during the ____________ because the ________________________________________ Warms the ______________ more than the ___________________. iii. Air over ______________ is heated by _______________________________. b. Land Breezes i. The movement of _________ toward the _______________ from the ______________. ii. At night the land cools much more _____________________ than the ocean water. Name: ________________________________ _____ Chapter 15 Vocabulary Quiz Thursday 1/31/08 1) Atmosphere 2) Troposphere 3) Stratosphere 4) Mesosphere 5) Thermosphere 6) Ionosphere 7) Exosphere 8) Ozone Layer 9) Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) 10) Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 11) Radiation 12) Convection 13) Conduction 14) Hydrosphere 15) Condensation 16) Coriolis Effect 17) Global Winds 18) Sea Breezes 19) Land Breezes Name:___________________________ ______________ Chapter 15 Vocabulary Quiz Thursday 1/31/08 1) Atmosphere 2) Troposphere 3) Stratosphere 4) Mesosphere 5) Thermosphere 6) Ionosphere 7) Exosphere 8) Ozone Layer 9) Ultraviolet Radiation (UV) 10) Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) 11) Radiation 12) Convection 13) Conduction 14) Hydrosphere 15) Condensation 16) Coriolis Effect 17) Global Winds 18) Sea Breezes 19) Land Breezes