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Name ____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Hr________ Weather and Climate Study Guide The following are the big ideas you will responsible for knowing on the final exam which will cover the Weather Unit. Our suggestion is that you use this information to make note cards to use to study for the final. 3 X 5 cards work well for note cards but cutting paper into squares will work too. You have been given the study guide well in advance so please be sure to ask if you are unsure of any of the concepts. Use your binder and all your activities and handouts to study. We will be playing review jeopardy the first part of the exam session before taking the test, but you should not use that as your only review. Good Luck! Know the following: The reason for the seasons (The tilt of the earth on its axis) and how the seasons are opposite in the northern and southern hemispheres because of the tilt and rotation of the earth (When winter in northern hemisphere it is summer in southern hemisphere) *****Look at the reason for the seasons worksheet The difference between a low pressure system (cold dense air sinking) and a high pressure system (warm less dense air rising) *** Look at the map with the isobars What an air mass is (large body of air with similar temperature and moisture throughout) The difference between the 4 main types of weather FRONTS (warm, cold, stationary and occluded) and know the type of weather associated with them ***Look at your front drawings and also know what symbols are used for the fronts on a weather map Warm front- when warm air mass meets a cold air mass and moves above it slowly bringing light drizzly precipitation that may last for days Cold front- when a cold air mass meets a warm air mass and forces it up quickly bringing heavy precipitation and possible thunderstorm conditions Stationary front – warm and cold air mass meet with little movement and you get light drizzly precipitation over longer periods of time Occluded Front –fast moving cold air mass moves in till it meets a cool air mass and forces warm air up bringing lots of precipitation and cold temps at the surface Know what condensation (changing a gas to a liquid) and evaporation (changes a liquid to a gas) are Relationship between temperature and pressure and elevation (as you go up in elevation, temperature and pressure decrease and as you get closer to the surface, temperature and pressure increase) ***Look at picture with Mt. Everest on it and understand the concept!!! The composition of the atmosphere (nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere, followed by oxygen and then trace gases) ***Look at the pie chart we made and the gas chart in the journal What convection is and what convection currents are (warm air/water rising and cold air/water sinking) *******Think of smoke in the fish tank example or the red and blue water in the divider tank What humidity is (the amount of water vapor in the air) and examples of it (hair frizzy, shirts feel wet, water on the outside of a glass, bulletin board paper all bumpy) Know what groundwater is (water that moves underground in spaces between the particles of different types of earth materials) and that the main source of groundwater is precipitation How temperatures of the oceans can affect climates in an area (The oceans can store large amounts of heat and as they move they warm the air above it which moves over the nearby land) ***Look over Bill Nye oceans and ocean current notes The different stages of the water cycle (Be able to label where condensation and evaporation and cloud formation and run off, etc. are in a diagram) and how water moves from one area to another (moves underground by infiltration, moves up from the ground by being pumped from a well or coming through a spring, etc) ***Look over diagram on page 48 in your binder How wind is formed (differences in pressure caused by the uneven heating of the earth by the sun. Warm air rises and colder air moves in to take its place). Wind moves from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. Lines of equal pressure are called isobars. The closer the isobars, the stronger the wind. ***Look over Surface Pressure Map and Notes on Lesson 5 Difference between weather (day to day changes in temperature, pressure, cloud coverage, and precipitation) and climate (the average year to year weather conditions and patterns in a region) KNOW THE DEFINITIONS TO THE FOLLOWING TERMS Wind Humidity Condensation Front Groundwater Barometric Pressure Precipitation Convection Precipitation Aquifers Dew Point Air Mass Evaporation Transpiration