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Weather and Climate Vocab 5th Grade weather: the day to day change in temperature, precipitation, wind, and air pressure in a certain place. climate: the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time. thunderstorm: a very strong storm with lots of rain, thunder, and lightening. tornado: a rapidly whirling, funnel-shaped cloud that reaches down from a storm cloud to touch Earth’s surface. hurricane: A severe tropical storm with high-rotating winds that revolve around an eye. front: the boundary between two different air masses. low pressure: a mass of rising warm air that usually brings wet, stormy weather. high pressure: a mass of sinking cool air that usually brings fair weather. cold front: a front that forms when a cold air mass pushes a warm air mass. Thunderstorms can form and be followed by cool, fair weather. warm front: a front where warm air moves over cold air and brings drizzly rain followed by warm, clear weather. Weather Tools: rain gauge: an instrument used for measuring the amount of precipitation. barometer: an instrument used to measure air pressures. anemometer: an instrument used to measure wind speed. thermometer: a tool used to measure temperature. hygrometer: a tool that measures humidity. wind vane: an instrument used to measure wind direction.