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Transcript
Presentation Outline EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE (EVD): THE ROLE OF ANTSEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS IN PREVENTION AND CONTROL - A PRESENTATION FROM Overview of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) Prevention And Control Antiseptics And disinfectants Hardis And Dromedas hygiene products HARDIS AND DROMEDAS LTD. BY EMMANUEL IFEANYI UGBENE (KSM; JP; FPSN) SUPT PHARMACIST Key facts Prologue "Disease controls the rate of evolution. Out of control, species are regulated or culled by Mother Nature. Mankind is out of control with Pollution and Encroachment of the world's animal living space; men's density is crushing the world's species and the diseases which once had barriers to prevent xeno-species exchange are being pressured to leap to mankind. This is argued with the apes and bushmeat and HIV/AIDS". By E. A. Greenhaloh. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Ebola virus is a worm -like.)Virus with a devious way of working - it enters the body, attaches to the surface of the cells, replicates, an d causes the cells to explode, sending infectious particles "flying" EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%. EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in Central an d West Africa, near tropical rainforest . The virus is transmitted to people from wild Key factors (Cont’d) Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are considered to be the natural host of the Ebola virus. Severely ill patients require intensive supportive care. No licensed specific treatment or vaccine is available for use in people or animals. From 1976 through 2013, in over a dozen outbreaks that occurred, the total number of deaths is less than that the few months of this current outbreak. Key factors (Cont’d) Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal illness in humans. Ebola virus is a worm-like virus with a devious way of working - it enters the body, attaches to the surface of the cells, replicates, and causes the cells to explode, sending infectious particles "flying" EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to 90%. EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages in Central and West Africa, near tropical rainforests. The virus is transmitted to people from wild animals and spreads in the human population through human-to-human transmission. 2014 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak: Extent of Spread (1) In late March 2014, the largest, most severe, and most complex outbreak of Ebola virus epidemic, in the nearly 4-decade history of this disease, started in Guinea. By August 2014, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria had reported cases of the disease, and currently more than 2,000 persons have been infected with over 1,000 deaths. As at 4 August 2014, 1,779 cases have been reported in the four affected Countries. The breakdown is as follows: Ebola virus & Disease: Symptoms By now almost everyone knows that Ebola kills ... but how does the infection present? Initial manifestation include sudden flu-like symptoms (high fever, headache, intense weakness, muscle pain, sore throat & cough) Later symptoms include stomach pain, nausea (lack of appetite), vomiting and diarrhea, muscle and joint pains, unexplained internal and external bleeding. Bleeding into the skin causes a red rash that appears all over. Note that early symptoms of diseases like malaria, typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera, plague, relapsing fever, meningitis & other viral hemorrhagic fever resemble those of EVD. EVD: Prevention & Control for the Community EVD: Prevention & Control for the Individual WHO does not advise families or communities to care for individuals who may present with symptoms of EVD in their homes, rather they should seek treatment in a hospital or treatment centre staffed by health workers who are trained and equipped to treat EVD victims. Communities affected by EVD should inform the population about the disease about the nature of the diseases and about outbreak containment measures, including burial of dead. (People who died from EVD should be promptly and safely buried) Communities should always endeavour to obtain credible information and advice about EVD from appropriate health. Prevention, it’s said, is better than cure Ebola virus disease outbreaks can devastate families and communities, but the infection can be controlled through the use of recommended protective measures in clinics and hospitals, at community gatherings, or at home. Preventive measures include public health messages focusing on: o Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human transmission from contact with infected fruit bats or monkeys/apes and the consumption of their raw meat - animal products (blood & meat) should be thoroughly cooked before consumption o Reducing the risk of human·to-human transmission in the commonly arising from close contact with infected persons, particularly with their bodily fluids - close physical contact with EVO patients should be avoided. o It is important to always perform hand hygiene with soap and running water when hands are visibly soiled. o •Alcohol-based hand rubs should be made available at every point of care (at the entrance and within the Isolation rooms and areas); o Running water, soap, and single use towels should also be always available. o Regular hand washing with soap & clean should be practiced. It can never be too often to ensure safety. Antiseptics And Disinfectants Antiseptics and Disinfectants are key to preventive measures in Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) prevention and control. Antiseptics and Disinfectants are made destroying bacteria and killing potential germs. Antiseptics are used on living tissues and cells to destroy any type of infections or sepsis which may be living on the tissue. Antiseptics are typically used in the form of sanitizers when hand washing is not available, and in cases where bacteria exist and should be removed. Disinfectants are meant to destroy microorganisms which can infect nonliving objects. Disinfectants are used on other surfaces, ranging from operating room surfaces to kitchen counters, in order to destroy potentially dangerous microbes. Agents in this group include-Phenolic germicides, Household bleach, Ethyl Alcohol, Soaps for Some Hardis And Dromedas Hygiene Products References 1. http://en. wiklpedla.org, 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak & action. Accused 6'" August 2014 2. http://en.wiklpedia.org, list of Ebola outbreak s. Accessed 6th August 2014 Divitol Antiseptic Disinfectant; Ekko Rose Water; Hydromed Household Bleach; Hydromed Methylated Spirit; Isol Germicide Liquid; Royallux Astringent; Royallux Glycerine Moisturiser; Hydromed Liquid Detergent; Akacha Soap; Royallux Soap. 3. http://en.wiklpedia.org, Black Death 4. http://webmd.com. Brooks, M. WHO Declares Ebola a Global Public Health Emergency. Accessed B'" August 2014 5. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention West Africa Ebola Outbreak. 6. Olsen PE, Hames CS, Benenscn AS, Genovese EN. "The Thucydides syndrome: Ebola deja yu? (or Ebola reemergent1)" Emerging Infectious Disease 2(1996) 7. http://www,bbc.co.uk.. Rob Brown, The virus detective who discovered Ebola in 1976. Retrieved 18 July 2014 8. http://www.webmd.com.EbolaVirus:Symptoms. Treatment. and Prevention 9. http://www.afro.who.rnlEbolavirus diseasee, West Africa - update 31 July 2014 10. http://webmd.com. Smith, M. Ebola Disease. Accessed 8'" August 2014 11. http://webmd.com. Rubin, R. FAQ: The Deadly Ebola Virus. Accessed 8ffI August 2014 12. http://webmd.com.Doheny.K.EbolaVirus:HowContagiou!l1Accused 8'" August 2014 13. http://www.bignewsnetwork.com.WHOwarn.drasticactionneededto outbreak Dr. Tom Frieden, US CDC Director Ebola 14. http://webmd.com.Russell, P. WHO Declares Ebola an International Emergency. Accessed"" August 2014 Epilogue Words of Hope ... “We do know how to stop Ebola. It's oldfashioned, plain and simple public health: Find the patient, make sure they get treated, find their contacts, track them, educate people, do infection control at the hospitals ... do them really well and Ebola goes away” combat THANK YOU