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Presentation Outline
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE (EVD):
THE ROLE OF ANTSEPTICS AND
DISINFECTANTS IN PREVENTION AND
CONTROL
- A PRESENTATION
FROM
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Overview of Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)
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Prevention And Control
Antiseptics And disinfectants
Hardis And Dromedas hygiene products
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HARDIS AND DROMEDAS LTD.
BY
EMMANUEL IFEANYI UGBENE (KSM; JP; FPSN)
SUPT PHARMACIST
Key facts
Prologue
"Disease controls the rate of evolution.
Out of control, species are regulated or culled
by Mother Nature.
Mankind is out of control with Pollution and
Encroachment of the world's animal living
space; men's density is crushing the world's
species and the diseases which once had
barriers to prevent xeno-species exchange are
being pressured to leap to mankind. This is
argued with the apes and bushmeat and
HIV/AIDS".
By E. A. Greenhaloh.
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Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known
as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe,
often fatal illness in humans.

Ebola virus is a worm -like.)Virus with a
devious way of working - it enters the body,
attaches to the surface of the cells, replicates,
an d causes the cells to explode, sending
infectious particles "flying"

EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up
to 90%.

EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote
villages in Central an d West Africa, near
tropical rainforest .
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The virus is transmitted to people from wild
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Key factors (Cont’d)
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Fruit bats of the Pteropodidae family are
considered to be the natural host of the
Ebola virus.
Severely ill patients require intensive
supportive care.
No licensed specific treatment or
vaccine is available for use in people or
animals.
From 1976 through 2013, in over a
dozen outbreaks that occurred, the total
number of deaths is less than that the
few months of this current outbreak.
Key factors (Cont’d)

Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as
Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a severe, often fatal
illness in humans.

Ebola virus is a worm-like virus with a devious
way of working - it enters the body, attaches to
the surface of the cells, replicates, and causes the
cells to explode, sending infectious particles
"flying"

EVD outbreaks have a case fatality rate of up to
90%.

EVD outbreaks occur primarily in remote villages
in Central and West Africa, near tropical
rainforests.

The virus is transmitted to people from wild
animals and spreads in the human population
through human-to-human transmission.

2014 Ebola Virus Disease outbreak: Extent of Spread (1)

In late March 2014, the largest, most severe, and
most complex outbreak of Ebola virus epidemic, in
the nearly 4-decade history of this disease, started in
Guinea.

By August 2014, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria
had reported cases of the disease, and currently more
than 2,000 persons have been infected with over
1,000 deaths.

As at 4 August 2014, 1,779 cases have been reported
in the four affected Countries. The breakdown is as
follows:
Ebola virus & Disease: Symptoms
By now almost everyone knows that Ebola kills ... but
how does the infection present?

Initial manifestation include sudden flu-like
symptoms (high fever, headache, intense
weakness, muscle pain, sore throat & cough)
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Later symptoms include stomach pain, nausea
(lack of appetite), vomiting and diarrhea, muscle
and joint pains, unexplained internal and external
bleeding.

Bleeding into the skin causes a red rash that
appears all over.
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Note that early symptoms of diseases like malaria,
typhoid fever, dysentery, cholera, plague,
relapsing fever, meningitis & other viral
hemorrhagic fever resemble those of EVD.
EVD: Prevention & Control for the
Community

EVD: Prevention & Control for the
Individual
WHO does not advise families or communities to
care for individuals who may present with symptoms
of EVD in their homes, rather they should seek
treatment in a hospital or treatment centre staffed by
health workers who are trained and equipped to treat
EVD victims.
Communities affected by EVD should inform the
population about the disease about the nature of the
diseases and about outbreak containment measures,
including burial of dead. (People who died from
EVD should be promptly and safely buried)
Communities should always endeavour to obtain
credible information and advice about EVD from
appropriate health.
Prevention, it’s said, is better than cure
Ebola virus disease outbreaks can devastate families and
communities, but the infection can be controlled through the use
of recommended protective measures in clinics and hospitals, at
community gatherings, or at home.
Preventive measures include public health messages focusing
on:
o Reducing the risk of wildlife-to-human transmission from
contact with infected fruit bats or monkeys/apes and the
consumption of their raw meat - animal products (blood &
meat) should be thoroughly cooked before consumption
o Reducing the risk of human·to-human transmission in the
commonly arising from close contact with infected persons,
particularly with their bodily fluids - close physical contact
with EVO patients should be avoided.
o It is important to always perform hand hygiene with soap
and running water when hands are visibly soiled.
o •Alcohol-based hand rubs should be made available at every
point of care (at the entrance and within the Isolation rooms
and areas);
o Running water, soap, and single use towels should also be
always available.
o Regular hand washing with soap & clean should be
practiced. It can never be too often to ensure safety.
Antiseptics And Disinfectants

Antiseptics and Disinfectants are key to preventive
measures in Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) prevention
and control.

Antiseptics and Disinfectants are made
destroying bacteria and killing potential germs.

Antiseptics are used on living tissues and cells to
destroy any type of infections or sepsis which may
be living on the tissue. Antiseptics are typically used
in the form of sanitizers when hand washing is not
available, and in cases where bacteria exist and
should be removed.

Disinfectants are meant to destroy microorganisms
which can infect nonliving objects.

Disinfectants are used on other surfaces, ranging
from operating room surfaces to kitchen counters, in
order to destroy potentially dangerous microbes.

Agents in this group include-Phenolic germicides,
Household bleach, Ethyl Alcohol, Soaps
for
Some Hardis And Dromedas Hygiene
Products
References
1. http://en. wiklpedla.org, 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak & action. Accused 6'"
August 2014
2. http://en.wiklpedia.org, list of Ebola outbreak s. Accessed 6th August 2014
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Divitol Antiseptic Disinfectant;
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Ekko Rose Water;
Hydromed Household Bleach;
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Hydromed Methylated Spirit;
Isol Germicide Liquid;
Royallux Astringent;
Royallux Glycerine Moisturiser;
Hydromed Liquid Detergent;
Akacha Soap;
Royallux Soap.
3. http://en.wiklpedia.org, Black Death
4. http://webmd.com. Brooks, M. WHO Declares Ebola a Global Public Health
Emergency. Accessed B'" August 2014
5. US Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention West Africa Ebola Outbreak.
6. Olsen PE, Hames CS, Benenscn AS, Genovese EN. "The Thucydides syndrome:
Ebola deja yu? (or Ebola reemergent1)" Emerging Infectious Disease 2(1996)
7. http://www,bbc.co.uk.. Rob Brown, The virus detective who discovered Ebola in
1976. Retrieved 18 July 2014
8. http://www.webmd.com.EbolaVirus:Symptoms. Treatment. and Prevention
9. http://www.afro.who.rnlEbolavirus diseasee, West Africa - update 31 July 2014
10. http://webmd.com. Smith, M. Ebola Disease. Accessed 8'" August 2014
11. http://webmd.com. Rubin, R. FAQ: The Deadly Ebola Virus. Accessed 8ffI August
2014
12. http://webmd.com.Doheny.K.EbolaVirus:HowContagiou!l1Accused 8'" August 2014
13. http://www.bignewsnetwork.com.WHOwarn.drasticactionneededto
outbreak
Dr. Tom Frieden,
US CDC Director
Ebola
14. http://webmd.com.Russell, P. WHO Declares Ebola an International Emergency.
Accessed"" August 2014
Epilogue Words of Hope ...
“We do know how to stop Ebola. It's oldfashioned, plain and simple public health:
Find the patient, make sure they get treated,
find their contacts, track them, educate people,
do infection control at the hospitals ... do them
really well and Ebola goes away”
combat
THANK YOU