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Career Deviant or Deviant Careers? What is the meaning of a Deviant Career? All persons judged as deviant follow a career process marked by several stages. Among the stages are: • Entry • Mobility or maturity •Exit Comparison to other Careers Analogy to “Respectable” Careers • 4 Stages to respectable Career: – Entry: busy work, low pay, low power/authority, long hours – Mobility: Career climb ; on the job experience, gratification; still career uncertainty – Zenith: Important assignments; increased authority; security and pay are at a peak – Coasting to Retirement: Prestige still high; work assignments decreasing Note: What are the typical ages for each stage? Comparison to other Careers • Deviant Career: – Rapid Upward Mobility: No Credentials required to start young with little educ.; Most deviant careers favor youth b/c of willingness to take on risk among youth. – More Frequent Shifts: Most jump from “job” to “job” – shifts vary. • • • • • Lateral Shift: Same scene new job Vertical Shift: Move up or down in status Context Shift: New scene, same activity Additional Activities Short to Long term Commitment varies Comparison to other Careers • Deviant Career: – Earlier Decline: Police record acquired early in life creates problems. Loss of networking connections /decreasing physical capacity discourages deviant lifestyle – Wanting Out: 2 Factors • Push Out: Aging, Medical, Burn-out, Criminal Record • Pull Out: Family, Links to respectable circles, Legit. Work opportunities Careers in Deviance • Reserve 9. Careers in Deviance (Best & Luckenbill) – Career Concept • ENTERING the Career: – 40. Gay Male Christian Couples and Sexual Exclusivity: ***DROP*** – Reserve 10. Marks of Mischief : Becoming and Being Tattooed (Sanders) • DISCUSS – 39. Joining a Gang: Being Deviant. (Jankowski) • DISCUSS Social Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs • Social Disorganization Theory • Chicago School of Sociology (early 1900s) • Emphasizes Ecological Elements in the Urban Environment • Immigrant Questions: – Allow immigrants into US or not? – Genetic differences in immigrants versus “native born” Americans ? – Scapegoating social problems (see Ch. 16) Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs • Model of the ecological process (Park and Burgess) – Concentric Zone Model of urban development • Zone of Transition • http://www.csiss.org/classics/content/26 – Metro Reef Pattern Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs • Mapping incidents of Delinquency (55,000 over 30 years) • Shaw & McKay observe spatial patterns in places where delinquency is clustered • Spatial pattern of crime is stable Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs • Ecological features of Zone of Transition: – Crime rate – Economic depression – Physical deterioration (housing) – Single parent households – High % of renters (vs. owners) – Heterogeneity (a.k.a ethnic diversity) – Spatial Mobility Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs • Ethnic Succession – Poor are powerless to resist “invasion” of those prone to illegal behavior – Poor can not resist those who are culturally different • New immigrant waves • Gentrification • Cultural Transmission – Criminogenic social disorganization takes root – “Traditions of Crime” are developed & passed on (Subcultural Theories – Sutherland, W. Miller, etc.) – Structures of Criminal Opportunity: Access to Illegitimate Means focused on street (Drug & Property) crime and violent crime • • Sociology Organization of Deviance: Street Gangs (Sub)Culture Conflict (Miller 1958) Working class values: “Focal Concerns” – – – – – – Trouble Toughness Smartness Excitement Fate Autonomy • Have other values developed since the 1950s? • What values are evident in the reading by Jody Miller on Gender, Victimization & Gangs (Ch. 31)? – How is masculinity and gender related to gang membership and member values? • How about Jankowski in Ch. 37 “Join a Gang”? • How about in Godson & Olson’s “International Organized Crime” (Ch. 31)? Exiting A Deviant Career • 41. Shifts & Oscillations in Deviant Careers: Upper Level Drug Dealers & Smugglers (Adler & Adler) • 42. Exiting Child Molesting (Pryor)