Download Cold War beginnings

Today we will identify and examine the legislation,
policies and events that begin the rivalry known as
the Cold War
Thought for the day:
“Courage is what it takes to stand up and speak;
courage is also what it takes to sit down and listen.”
~ Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965)
The Cold War
1945-1991
What is the Cold War
It was an intense rivalry between
the United States and Russia –
between West and East and
between capitalism and
communism that dominated the
years following WW II.
Words of Wisdom
Winston Churchill;
“Germany is finished.
The real problem is
Russia. I can’t get
Americans to see it.”
-- 1945
Cold vs. Hot
It is called the
“Cold” War
because there
was never any
direct attacks
made by the U.S.
or Soviet Union
on each other.
FDR dies; Truman Takes
Command
FDR died on April 12, 1945
Truman, his Vice
President for only a few
months, became the
leader of our country
Conflicting Postwar
Goals
Americans: wanted democracy and economic
opportunities for the countries of Europe and
Asia
Soviets: Wanted to rebuild their nation in
order to protect their own interests. They
wanted to establish satellite nations,
countries controlled by the Soviets along the
western boundaries of the Soviet Union.
Stalin wanted to overthrow capitalism around
the world and install Communist
governments.
Satellite Nations
Like dominoes, one
by one countries in
Eastern Europe fell
to Stalin and
communism
Poland, Romania,
Bulgaria, East
Germany,
Czechoslovakia,
Hungary, Albania.
The Iron Curtain
A phrase coined by
Winston Churchill in
1946 it refers to the
division between
Communist and
non-Communist
nations
Became symbol of
division between
East and West
Containment
U.S. policy developed
by George Kennan
The U.S. could not do
anything in Eastern
Europe where Russia
already took over, but
that it should attempt
to stop the formation
of Communist
governments any
where else in the
world.
There’s
communism
in there!
Don’t let it
out!!
The Truman Doctrine
“I believe that it must
be the policy of the
U.S. to support free
peoples who are
resisting (conquest)
by armed minorities
or by outside
pressures.” –
President Truman,
1947
And what outside pressure
are we talking about?
The Truman Doctrine
“I believe that it must
be the policy of the
U.S. to support free
peoples who are
resisting (conquest)
by armed minorities
or by outside
pressures.” –
President Truman,
1947
And what outside pressure
are we talking about?
The Marshall Plan
U.S. wanted to help
war-torn nations
recover so they could
create stable
democracies.
Seventeen nations
applied for aid. Total
aid given from 19481952 = $13 billion
Germany: A Land Divided
By 1949 there were two
Germany’s in
Europe:
1. West Germany:
democratic
2. East Germany:
communist
The capital of Berlin was
also later divided –
by a wall!
Berlin Airlift
Many Eastern Europeans who did not like
living under Soviet communist rule fled their
homes and escaped to West Berlin.
Stalin wanted to stop this escape route by
forcing the Western Powers to abandon West
Berlin.
Stalin blockaded all Allied shipments to West
Berlin through East Germany.
This threatened severe shortages of food and
other needed supplies in West Berlin.
Truman did not want a
war with the Soviets,
nor did he want to
give up West Berlin.
During the next 15
months both British
and U.S. aircraft
delivered food, fuel,
etc. by plane to the
city.
The Soviets finally
gave up in 1949 and
ended the blockade.
Berlin Airlift Map
NATO- North Atlantic Treaty
Organization
Because the Soviet Union used its veto
power to block any action that stopped
communism in the United Nations, the West
needed another way to deal with Soviet
aggression.
In 1949 12 nations formed NATO. The
guiding principle of NATO is; “an armed
attack against one or more…shall be
considered an attack against them all.”
This is an example of collective securitymutual military assistance among nations.
Current Members of
NATO
The Soviet Union responded to the
formation of NATO by creating the
Warsaw Pact, a military alliance with
its satellite nations in Eastern Europe.
UN
NATO
WARSAW
PACT
The Arms Race
The greatest area
where the Soviet
Union and the U.S.
compete for world
domination was in
the arms race - the
struggle to gain
weapons superiority.
Plickers quiz…..
Get out your card
Quiz: Background of the Cold War
What happened in many Eastern European countries after World
War II?
A. They were occupied by the United States military.
B. They became satellite states controlled by the Soviet Union.
C. They joined the alliance that opposed communist expansion.
D. They received aid through the Marshall Plan to help their
economies.
Quiz: Responding to the Soviet Challenge
What did Winston Churchill describe as an “iron curtain?”
A.
B.
C.
D.
the movement of military forces during World War II
the political impact of communism in the United States
the threat of a communist takeover in Greece and Turkey
the border between Western Europe and Eastern Europe
Quiz: The United States Contains Soviet Expansion
The Marshall Plan succeeded in providing
A.
B.
C.
D.
military aid to Eastern Europe.
economic aid to Western Europe.
increased political stability in the United States.
support for the struggling nations of Eastern Europe.
Quiz: Soviet Aggression Drives Cold War
Stalin’s attempt to blockade Berlin failed
largely as a result of
A.
B.
C.
D.
the Berlin airlift.
the Marshall Plan.
collective security.
inadequate resources.
Examine the US Involvement
in the Korean War.
Thought for the day:
I hate war as only a soldier who has lived it can, only as
one who has seen its brutality, its futility, its stupidity.”
~Dwight D. Eisenhower
2/3/17
Reminder: WWII
TEST retakes
available after school
through TUESDAY!
MUST complete
review in order to
retake test. 
China Falls To
Communism
A civil war had existed between the Nationalists
and Communists in China since the 1920s.
1949: Mao Zedong and the Communists won and
established the People’s Republic of China.
The Nationalists fled to Taiwan and claimed to be
the legitimate government of China, establishing
the Republic of China. The U.S. and UN
recognized this Republic as the true government
of China.
Many Americans wanted Truman and the
government to focus not only on Europe but also
on Asia in their policy of containment.
Chairman Mao Zedong
Chinese Revolution
Poster: 1949
KOREA GUIDED READING
NEW BOOK PAGES 442-446
TURN IN ASAP!
Korean War
After WW II Japan was forced to give up
control of Korea.
The Soviets accepted the surrender
above the 38th parallel and the U.S.
accepted it below that line.
Division was never the goal but became
a reality: a communist controlled north
and a democratically controlled south.
Map of Korea
Conflict in Korea
Citizens on both
sides of the parallel
wanted to reunite
their country.
War breaks out
when North Korean
troops came across
the 38th parallel to
try to unite the
country by force.
The Korean Conflict
Jan 1951 1953
May., 1950
Sept., 1950
Sept.-Nov., 1950
Nov 1950Jan 1951
The Forgotten War
The UN (mostly
American) sent troops
to Korea
The UN troops do well
initially but are driven
back close to the
original 38th parallel.
The war becomes a
stalemate and in 1953
an armistice is signed
agreeing to keep
Korea divided.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NN7B-2lXofo