Download Water on Earth

The Water Planet
Table of Contents
Water on Earth
Surface Water
Exploring the Ocean
Currents and Climate
5-1: Water on Earth
The graph shows the water
used per person in the ten
states of the United States
with the largest populations.
Why is Water Important?
• Body Processes:
o cellular function
o organ function.
• Habitat:
o place where organisms live.
5-1 Water on Earth
These graphs show how much of
Earth’s water is found in different
forms.
Where is Water Found?
• Salt Water
Oceans 97%
• Fresh Water 3%
Ice
Rivers and Lakes
Ground Water
Water on Earth
Earth’s Major Waterways
The map shows Earth’s oceans and some major freshwater sources.
essential
Used
Ind. Processes
life
3%
Earth’s
Surface
found
rivers
lakes
glaciers
Ice caps
unusable
underground
5-1: Water on Earth
p 190
What is The Water Cycle?
Water moves between land, living things, bodies of water, and atmosphere.
movement
water
Earth’s
surface
atmosphere
Earth’s
Surface
Atmosphere
Evaporation
Transpiration
plants
rain
snow
hail
Lesson 2: Surface Water
p 192
River Systems
Tributaries- Streams and smaller rivers that feed into a main river.
Pulled by gravity.
Surface Water
p194
Watershed- The land area that supplies water to a river system. (Drainage Basin)
Surface Water
Divides- keep watersheds separate by a ridge.
valley
p195
Peak
What Are Ponds and Lakes?
p. 196
Lakes form When….
1. Rivers break
-----
2. Glaciers
(Oxbow lake)
3. Rift valley ---- cracks in Earth’s crust
4. Volcanoes--- old craters
5.Dams ---- Reservoir- a lake that
stores water for human use.
Lakes change when….
p. 198
Eutrophication – algae use nutrients (from
Dead organisms or waste) and spread
forming a layer on surface of water.
Human Role
• Fertilizers flow into ponds and lakes.
• Nutrients in water start the process.
Surface Water
An Endless Cycle
How can these processes be diagrammed to show a water cycle?
Lesson 3
Exploring the Ocean
Salinity
• Total amount of salt in a solution of water.
• Changes due to precipitation or evaporation.
Effects of Salinity
•Freezing point of water decreases.
•Higher density – things float easier.
Lesson 3
Exploring the Ocean
Temperature
• Depends on location and seasons
• Colder near poles, warmer near
equator
Depths
•Surface – Warmer, less pressure
•Transition - in between phase
•Deep – Cooler, more pressure
Exploring the Ocean
Ocean Floor
Sonar – sound navigation. Helps map ocean floor.
1. Seamount – volcanic mountains not above water. Near mid-ocean ridge.
2. Trench – Long deep valley – where ocean floor is sinking.
3. Continental Slope – From land to water. Ocean floor gets suddenly steep.
4. Continental Shelf – Gently sloping, shallow area. Transition from land to water. “beach”
5. Abyssal Plain – Mud, silt- very bottom, flat, very deep
6. Mid Ocean Ridge- chain of mountains. Where new land is forming.
5-4 Currents and Climate
What is a current? -Stream of moving water in oceans.
-Moves in a circular motion.
Surface Currents - driven mainly by wind.
Coriolis Effect
Curve of wind from
poles to equator as
earth rotates.
Northern Hemisphere
Clockwise
Southern Hemisphere
Counter-clockwise
Surface Currents
Gulf Stream:
•Largest, most powerful
•From Gulf of Mexico to
east coast of U.S.
•Effects our weather.
Warming Sea Temperature
The images show what happens to temperature below the surface
of the ocean during an El Niño event. Red indicates a warmer sea
surface temperature.
El Nino
•Every 2-7 Years
•LARGE amounts of warm water cover an area
•Cold water cannot move to surface (traps cold water)
•STRONG weather systems
La Nina
•Surface water cooler than usual
•Opposite of El Nino
Deep Currents
•Deep currents near ocean floor
•Caused by: Difference in Density of water
•Carry cold water from poles to equator
•Movement like:
Conveyor Belt
cold/dense water
sinks, warm water
pushed upward