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Weather and Climate Ms. Twardowski 8 Green Central Middle School Weather vs. Climate (write these definitions) Weather: is the daily condition of the atmosphere at a specific time and place. (What is happening outside RIGHT NOW?) Climate: is the AVERAGE weather in a specific location over TIME (at least 10 years). So… Green = Yes/True Red = No/False One day, in Dover, DE, in 2013, the high temperature on January 31st was 65F. This is a much warmer temperature. This is an example of a CLIMATE change. So… Green = Yes/True Red = No/False Over the past 12 years, the average temperature in July, in Dover, DE, has increased by 2 degrees F. This is an example of a CLIMATE change. Things that are included in climate: Temperature Precipitation Number of days of sunshine Air Pressure Humidity Things that influence climate: (Write these down) Latitude Proximity (nearness) to water Proximity to land - inland Elevation - altitude Nearness to mountains Ocean Currents Living in an urban area (city) El Nino and La Nina Prevailing Wind Directions Latitude Latitude is a measure of degrees north and south of the equator. The equator is 0 degrees latitude. Regions closer to the equator receive more solar radiation. The Sun shines overhead in the “tropics” – for a great portion of the year. In the arctic zones, the Sun shines at an angle – spreading a little bit of light over a very large area. The United States is in the “mid-latitude” region. Elevation/Altitude (going UP in the atmosphere) Temperature decreases at higher elevations Windward: is the side of the mountain that the wind is blowing towards (air rises, cools, condenses and drops precipitation). Leeward: side where air falls, heats up, and dries the land. Nearness to water/land Near water (Coastal): wetter climate, but more stable (doesn’t change much). Inland: weather extremes/unstable (hot in summer, cold in winter, severe storms, etc.) Large Cities/Urban (Concrete Jungle) Parking lots, buildings and streets absorb large amounts of heat. Pollution can trap this heat and cause higher temperatures than the surrounding rural areas. So… Green = Yes/True Red = No/False Coastal areas (near water) have a more stable climate. So… Green = Yes/True Red = No/False Inland areas have a climate with more weather and temperature extremes (really hot and really cold, severe storms, etc.) El Nino/La Nina El Nino: periodic warming in sea temperatures across the central and east equatorial Pacific. Occurs every 3-5 years. Affects GLOBAL weather patterns. La Nina: the cooling phase of El Nino. Wind & Ocean Currents Jet Stream: wind currents move Heat Energy around the globe. Gulf Stream: ocean currents (water) move Heat Energy around the world, too. *creates different air masses.* Winds The world’s winds move heat energy around the globe. Summarize: Ocean Currents Looking at this picture, why is England warmer than other countries at its same latitude?