Download Chapter 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet

Ch 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet
Chapter1:IntroductiontoStructuralUnits
VideoWorksheet
AnatomyTerms:
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• The study of… the body
o Identification of the body parts
o Anatomy means: “To Cut Up
“
• The study of… function
o How the parts of the body work
o “physis” means… nature
o “ology” means… the study of
• The study of… disease and the disease processes
o What makes you sick
o “pathos” means: “suffering
“
The study of anatomy… on a microscopic level, cannot
study without the aid of a microscope
The study of tissues
The study of cells
The study of anatomy… of large scale, you can see with
the unaided eye
The study of anatomy… by regions of the body
What should you do to learn the terms in this class???
Anatomy
Physiology
Pathology
Microscopic
anatomy
• Histology
• Cytology
Gross anatomy
Regional
Anatomy
Systemic
Anatomy
The study of anatomy… by body systems
Whatlifeis:
Qualities of Life (all life is)
Irritability
Which means
The ability to react to a stimuli
•
•
Growth and
Development
External-Outside the organism (temperature change, bug landing on arm, etc.)
Internal-Inside the organism (hungry, tired, etc.)
Two types:
Growth-getting bigger
Maturation-developmental processes/stages
Ch 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet
Two types:
Reproduction
Movement
Self-Regulating
Metabolism
Asexual-cells replace dead and damaged cells
Sexual Reproduction-have of genes from 2 parents
External: Obvious noticeable movement
Internal: Heartbeat, digestion, gas exchange
Metabolism (definition): The sum of all chemical reaction
in the body
• There are lots of chemical processes happening in your body.
• You are metabolizing food, you are creating hormones. These need regulation!!!
Homeostasis (will be addressed later)-Ability to bring the body back to normal.
Adapt to the
Environment
Adaption can be… Structural, physiological, behavioral or
a combination of all these things
Tolerance Limits? (give some examples):
Fresh water fish cannot live in salt water
Homeostasis&Health
•
“State of equilibrium of the internal environment of the body that is maintained by dynamic processes
of feedback and regulation. Homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium”
• This means that the body…Does not like change
o
Type of
Feedback
Positive
Negative
It tells you when you’re hungry, and when you are fed, it turns off.
What happens with the
reaction
• The initial stimuli
causes an increasing
reaction from the
organism, it is a
cascading reaction
• Each reaction from
the organism is
stronger than the last
• Stimuli that stops a
process or brings
things back to where
they belong
Example
• Childbirth
• Head of fetus pushes
against cervix
• Signal is sent to the brain to
secrete oxytocin
• Oxytocin stimulates uterine
contractions and pushes
fetus toward cervix
• Last contraction is the
strongest
• (In your home as he
discusses) Air-conditioned
or thermostat
Ch 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet
What do YOU think it mean to be healthy? (Not from the video)
What do YOU it mean to be unhealthy? (Not from the video)
What is the definition of health?
• The optimal state of physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely
the absence of disease or infirmary
Body Positions
Describe the anatomical position
• Standing straight facing
________
• Palms facing ________ by their
side
• Feet…flat on the floor
Why is it important to use these
terms?
Why is it important to know these terms?
• The teacher will assume you know these terms for the rest of the year
Directional Terms
Body Position
What/where is it
How are you going to
remember this?
(Not necessarily from the movie)
Superior/Cephalic
AKA Cranial
Inferior/Caudal
Anterior/Ventral
Posterior/Dorsal
Medial
Lateral
• Towards the Head
Towards the Feet
Towards the Front
Towards the Back
Going In towards the
middle
• Going out away from the
middle
•
•
•
•
Ch 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet
Intermediate
Proximal
• Between two structures
• Towards the point of
origin
Distal
• Away from the point of
origin
Ipsilateral
• Same side of the body
Contralateral
• Opposite sides of the
body
Superficial
• Towards the surface
Deep
• Deep in the surface
Is your nose superior or inferior? Explain why?
Planes of the Body
• Divides the body into a left and right side.
o Sagittal Plane
o An Equal right and left division is
Midsagittal
o An Unequal right and left divisions is
Parasagittal
• Divides the body into a top and bottom.
o Transverse plane
o Aka a cross section
• Divides the body into a front and back part
o Coronal
o Frontal
• Cut on an angle
o Oblique
Ch 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet
Body Cavities
Cavities in the front of the body
• Ventral Cavity
o Thoracic
Contains:
• Heart
• Lungs
o Abdominopelvic Cavity
Abdominal
• Contains: Stomach &
Intestines
Pelvic
• Contains: Lower part of the Intestines Reproductive
organs
Cavities in the back of the body
• Dorsal cavity
o Cranial cavity
Contains:
• Brains
o Spinal Cavity
Contains:
• Spinal cord
Ch 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet
Levels of Organization
Sub-Atomic
• Proton
• Electrons
• Neutrons
The atom
Atomic
• Smallest part of an element
Molecular
Two or more atoms bonding with each other
• H2 O
• CO2
• NaCl
Cellular
Basic unit of life
Tissue
A bunch of cells that come together to… perform a
specific function
Organ
A group of different tissues coming together… to work as
a team
•
•
•
Organ System
Organism
Organ Systems
System
Integumentary
Skeletal
Heart
Stomach
Liver
Collection of organs… uniting for a common goal or
function
The living thing/critter
Composed of
• Skin
• Hair
• Nails
• Glands
• Bones
• Cartilage
• Joints
Functions
• Helps regulate the body
temperature
• Protection
• Water volume control
• Eliminates some waste
products
• Vitamin D production
• Sensation
• Support and protection for
the body
• Production of… blood
Ch 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet
Muscular
Nervous
• Skeletal
• Smooth
• Cardiac
• Movement
• Postures
• Heat
Production
Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Regulates… body
• Brain
activity
• Spinal Cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• Cranial
o Brain to body
Endocrine
• Spinal
o Spinal cord to body
• Hormone
producing glands
o
o
o
o
o
Cardiovascular
Lymphatic
•
•
•
•
•
•
Respiratory
•
•
Urinary
•
•
•
Pituitary Gland
Thyroid Gland
Parathyroid Gland
Adrenal Gland
And many more!
Blood
Heart
Blood Vessels
Lymph
Lymphatic
Vessels
Lymphatic
Tissue
Lungs
Accessary
Organs
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
• Regulates… body activities
• Works slower than the
Nervous system, but very
powerful
• Transports
o Oxygen, Wastes, Etc.
• Brings fluid… back into the
blood vessels
• Protection for the body
• Example: Swelling (Edema)
o It sucks the fluid back
• Transport of… gasses
• Regulates… chemical
composition of the blood
Ch 1: Introduction to Structural Units Video Worksheet
Digestive
Reproductive
• Gastrointestinal
Tract (GI)
• Accessory
structures
• Testes
• Ovaries
• Uterine tubes
• Uterus
• Epididymis
• Etc…
Abdominal Sections
•
Four section labeling
o Label the picture to the Right.
Notes:
• Break down and absorption
of useful substances from
food
• Continuation of the species