Download Matter is everything around you.

Matter is everything around you.
Matter is anything that has a mass and volume.
volume
Matter is anything made of atoms and molecules.
Scientists have identified three states of matter:
matter
•
•
•
solids
liquids
gases
We speak about different states of matter depending on the
physical state of molecules and atoms.
States of Matter can change
Elements and compounds can move from one physical state to
another and not change.
Oxygen (O2) as a gas still has the same properties as liquid
oxygen. The liquid state is colder and denser but the molecules
are still the same.
Water is another example.
The compound water is made up of two hydrogen (H) atoms and
one oxygen (O) atom.
It has the same molecular structure
whether it is a gas, liquid, or solid.
Although its physical state, it is to
say, its properties (density,
temperature, pressure …) may change,
its chemical state remains the same.
It is to say, the formula of water
remains the same.
If the formula of water were to
change, that would be a chemical
change.
If you added another oxygen atom, you would make hydrogen
peroxide (H2O2). Its molecules would not be water anymore.
These links relate to matter and the states of matter. Search
them for more information.
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_intro.html
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_intro.html
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_intro.html
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_chemphys.html
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_solid.html
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_liquid.html
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_gas.html
Related vocabulary
Chemical
properties
A characteristic of a substance that can only be seen
when the substance changes and a new substance is
formed; describes how matter reacts with other
matter.
Physical
properties
A characteristic of a material or object that can be
seen or measured without changing the material into a
new substance.
Metric
System
A system of measurement in which the number of
smaller parts in each unit is based on the number 10
and multiples of 10.
Standard
Unit
A unit of measure that everyone agrees to use.
Property
A characteristic that describes matter.
Volume
The amount of space that matter takes up.
Density
The property that describes how much matter is in a
given space or volume.
Matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space.
Mass
The amount of matter in something.
LET’S PLAY
http://www.quia.com/mc/504943.html
http://www.quia.com/jfc/504943.html
http://www.quia.com/ws/504943.html
Name _____________________________
Date ___________________
Properties of Matter
Complete the puzzle.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
DOWN
2. These are built
with very strong
materials to
withstand forces.
DOWN
3. The amount of
stress or force
that an object can
take.
DOWN
DOWN
4. A physical
5. A physical
property that is a property that is a
measure of the
measure of a
pull of gravity on
solid's ability to
an object. This
easily break or
property will
shatter.
change if an object
is on a planet
other than Earth.
DOWN
8. A type of
material that is
very elastic. (2
words)
DOWN
10. You buy these
based on their
size.
DOWN
13. The amount of
matter in a given
space.
ACROSS
1. A physical
property, in the
form of different
wavelengths of
light, which the
eye can perceive.
ACROSS
3. A physical
property that is a
general measure
of how large or
small something
is.
ACROSS
ACROSS
6. The matter of an 7. The hardest
object with a high natural substance.
density is ____
tightly packed
together than the
matter of an object
with a lower
density.
ACROSS
ACROSS
11. The ability of a
9. A physical
property that is a solid object to
measure of
return to its
something sticking original size and
to a surface.
shape after it has
been stretched.
ACROSS
16. A physical
property that is a
measure of a
solid's resistance
to being dented.
ACROSS
17. A physical
property that is a
measure of the
distance from one
end of something
to the other.
ACROSS
12. A physical
property that tells
you how hot or
cold matter is.
DOWN
15. The amount of
material in an
object. This is the
same whether the
object is on Earth
or Mars.
ACROSS
14. A physical
property, such as
the roughness of
something, which
you can observe
by using your
sense of touch.
Answer Key
1
4
7
8
D
R
C
O
L
O
2
W
O
E
A
I
A
M
O
N
U
H
B
T
S
5
T E
T
E L
A
S
I
T
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
R
C
K
I
N
14
1
5
A
1
6
I
C
I
T
D
S
S
S
D
N
E
E
S
S
10
S
N
Y
E
H
A
K
13
X
T
U
R
S
R
E
E
E
T E
M
H A
Z
G
N
B
I
E
L
R
N
M O
R
B
12
6
B
T
11
S
T
D
9
G
3
R
S
D
E
E
R
N
S
S
I
17
L E
N
G
T
H
Y
Learn how to calculate mass, volume, and density. Do
the activities.
http://www.thetech.org/exhibits/online/topics/54a.html
1. COMPLETE THESE DEFINITIONS AND GIVE EXAMPLES.
a) __________ is anything that has a mass and volume.
Example: ___________
b) _____________ is any property you can measure.
Examples: ___________
c) ___________ _____________ are those determined by scientists.
They are mass, time, temperature and length.
d) __________ ___________, those left resulting from mathematical
operations among them.
2. COMPLETE
What it
measures
Abbreviation
Unit
Abbreviation
Mass
l
m
t
Temperature
Kelvin
3. JOIN WITH ARROWS
Mass
Happiness
Volume
Beauty
Temperature
Table
Speed
It is a magnitude
It is not a magnitude
4. COMPLETE THE FIGURE:
5. CHANGING UNITS
a) From days to hours
23 days = ………………..hours
b) From years to months
12 years = ………………….months
c) From mg to g
190 mg = ………………………g
d) From dm to m
1789 dm3 = …………………….. m3
6. Write a sentence using a matter, a magnitude and a unit,
marking the first using an “m
m”, the second with an “ff” and the
third one with a “u
u”
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________.
7. COMPLETE THE CROSSWORD
ACROSS
3 The smallest unit in which an
element can be divided
4
A positively charged particle
DOWN
1A substance consisting of the same
kind of atoms
2The smallest unit of a compound
6
5A negatively charged particle
The core of the atom
7 A substance consisting of several
elements
8
The external part of the atom
9
A particle with no charge
8. JOIN WITH ARROWS
Water
Paella
Aluminium
It is a mixture
Strawberry milkshake
Alcohol
Sea Water
Notebook
It is pure substance
9. JOIN WITH ARROWS
Galaxy
Comet
Star
Planet
Nebula
Universe
Satellite
The huge space which contains all of
the matter and energy in existence
A celestial body consisting of a head
surrounded by a long nebulous coma
A big ball of dirty ice and snow in outer
space
A self-luminous celestial body
consisting of a mass of gas in which
the energy is generated by nuclear
reactions
A giant collection of gas, dust, and
millions or billions of stars
A diffuse mass of interstellar dust or
gas
An object that moves around a larger
object
10. Celestial bodies have very different sizes. Some of them
contain thousands and thousands of others. Order from the
biggest to the smallest ones in the box and give an example.
Galaxy, Planet, Star, Group of Galaxies, Satellite, Comet, Star
dust
The
biggest
Example:
Planet
Earth
The
smallest
11. Space distances are huge. It is not possible to use habitual
length units like kilometres.
• What unit is used instead?
• How do you define it?
• Could you calculate the equivalence between that unit and
kilometres?
Hypotheses on the Universe
Throughout history, there have been numerous hypotheses on
the structure of the universe, from ancient and non scientific
beliefs to the present one on an expanding universe.
Complete the following text using the right words.
PTOLOMEIC SYSTEM
Ptolemy worked from the data of past astrologers to map over
one thousand stars. He compiled a list of 48 constellations, and,
for the most part, described the longitude and latitude lines of
the earth. He was a believer that the earth was the centre of the
universe and worked to advance this theory. The Ptolemaic
system is explained why some planets seemed to move
backwards for periods of time in their orbit around earth. He
theorized that each planet also revolved in a smaller circle as
well as a larger one. This was called the "epicycle." This theory
would survive for 1400 years, until it was finally accepted that
the earth was itself another planet in orbit around the sun.
COPERNICAN SYSTEM
Nicolaus Copernicus (February 19, 1473 — May 24, 1543) was
the first astronomer to formulate a scientifically based
heliocentric cosmology that displaced the Earth from the center
of the universe. His publication of a scientific theory of
heliocentrism, demonstrating that the motions of celestial
objects can be explained without putting the Earth at rest in the
center of the universe, stimulated further scientific
investigations, and became a landmark in the history of modern
science that is known as the Copernican Revolution.
Johannes Kepler (lived December 27, 1571 – November 15,
1630) was a German astronomer He looked at the solar system
and discovered three laws about how it works.
THE BIG-BANG
One of the best known theories in cosmology is the Big Bang.
This is the idea that our universe started out much hotter and
denser than it is now and has been expanding since then. This
theory is based on observations of our universe, among which
are:
External galaxies are receding in such a way that their
recessional speeds are proportional to the distance they are
away from us (this is called Hubble's Law after Edwin Hubble
who first noticed it). This observation is explained well by a
uniform expansion of the universe. If the universe is expanding,
it must have started out very small some time far in the past. It
is this point which has been called the beginning of the universe
or the "Big Bang."
13. Complete the box. There are some links where you can
search for information
http://www.kidsastronomy.com/solar_system.htm
http://www.frontiernet.net/~kidpower/planets.html
http://library.thinkquest.org/28327/main/cockpit.html#bottom
Name:
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Diameter Distance
from Sun
Number
Main Satellites
of
Satellites
(aprox)
14. Besides Sun, planets and satellites, the Solar System
consists of other celestial bodies. Explain their characteristics:
Comets: ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Asteroids: __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
Dwarf Planets: ______________________________________________
_________________________________________________
Meteorite: __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
15. Answer the questions.
What’s the name for the Earth movement around Sun?
How long does it take for the Earth to orbit the Sun?
How long does it take for the Earth to rotate on its own axis?
___________
What’s the name for this movement? ______________
How long does it take for the Moon to orbit the Earth? ________
And to orbit itself? _________________
16. Eclipses and seasons
http://www.mreclipse.com/Special/SEprimer.html
a. Could you define an eclipse? _________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
This drawing represents an eclipse;
Is it an eclipse of Sun or Moon? _________________
Why? ______________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
Name the bodies it consists of and draw the other kind of
eclipse in the box
b. This drawing represents Earth moving around Sun. Divide its
orbit in four sections, each of them corresponding to a season.
Paint each season in a different colour,
Do the seasons in the northern hemisphere correspond to the
seasons in the southern one? _______
There are four special moments in this annual movement. The
solstices and the equinoxes, what’s the matter with day and
night length in each of them? _______________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
Date and draw them in the picture above.