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Social Studies World Geography Unit 05: Latin America 20122013 This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 1 The Columbian Exchange occurred among 4 Use the list and your knowledge of Africa, Latin America, North America, and social studies to answer the following Europe. What is a lasting effect on Latin question. America from this exchange? Found between 5 degrees north A Europe colonized the area. and 5 degrees south of the B Slavery continued on plantations. equator C New products came from Africa Sailors originally noticed the that continue to be used today. stillness of the rising air which was not blowing in any direction D African cultural influence is evident Officially known as the today. 2 Which of the following is a significant environmental challenge to developing Intertropical Convergence Zone The list above describes which of the following? nations in South America? F doldrums F toxic emissions G polar winds G sedimentation H westerlies H deforestation J tropical storms J droughts 5 Which early 1900s construction project of 3 The use of terrace farming by the Incas is an example of which of the following? A modifying the environment B destruction of the environment C irrigating dry areas using the drip technique D use of advanced technology equipment the United States has served as a center of urbanization, transportation, and economic activities in Central America? A PortauPrince in Haiti B Panama Canal in Panama City C Bridge of the Americas in El Salvador D PanAmerican Highway 6 When trade winds converge in the region of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in Latin America, what is usually produced? F hurricanestrength winds blowing westerly G some of the heaviest rainfall on Earth H the El Niño effect in the Northern Hemisphere J Page 2 a period of long drought GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 7 Use the passage and your knowledge of 9 Which set of four regions most social studies to answer the following appropriately group the nations of Latin question. America politically? A Mexico, Central America, South America A group of people has __________ cultural west of the Andes, and South America perceptions when they believe that their east of the Andes cultural values are more important than others. This is usually because they view B Islands, and South America cultural characteristics through a specific __________. Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean C Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and French colonial areas Which of the following best completes the excerpt above? D North America, Central America, South America, and Brazil A ethnorelative, stereotype B stereotypical, ethnic view C dominant, perception D ethnocentric, cultural lens 8 Use the lists and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Regions 1. formal region 2. functional region 3. perceptual region Descriptions a. a central area connected to others by transportation, communication, or economic activity b. a subjective image created by people's thoughts and feelings about an area c. an area that shares common human or physical characteristics Which set correctly matches the types of regions and their descriptions? F 1a, 2b, 3c G 1b, 2c, 3a H 1a, 2c, 3b J 1c, 2a, 3b Page 3 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Page 4 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 10 Which of the following is the most accurate description of how the Andes Mountains were formed? F The Nazca Plate and the South American Plate are converging. This causes an uplift of the land on the western side of the South American Plate due to the subduction of the Nazca Plate. G The South American Plate and the Nazca Plate are diverging. This causes the formation of mountain ridges on the western side of the South American Plate due to the convection under the Earth’s surface. H The Nazca Plate and the South American Plate are converging. This causes a subduction of the land on the western side of the South American Plate due to the converging of the Pacific Plate. J The South American Plate and the Nazca Plate are transforming. This causes the formation of mountain ridges on the western side of the South American Plate due to the tectonic movement of the Earth’s surface. Page 5 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following three questions. Map of Argentina 11 Which physical feature is a natural border Which of the following is the most likely between Argentina and Chile? reason for the location of Argentina's A mountains major cities? B deserts A early colonial settlement was in the C rivers D plains 12 13 north and the extremely hot climate in the south B tip, and location of rivers and Where are Argentina's largest cities waterways in the north mostly located? F along the Atlantic coast G in the southern half of the country H in the northern part of the country J along the western border climate, extreme cold in the southern C all of the country's natural resources are located in the northern region of the country D the southern part of the country lies along a very active fault line making it dangerous to live there Page 6 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Use the passages, maps, and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following four questions. Early on, the Spanish governors began importing enslaved Africans for labor. In 1517, Charles V authorized the draft of slaves. The Taínos became virtually, but not completely, extinct on the island of Hispaniola. Some who evaded capture fled to the mountains and established independent settlements. Survivors mixed with escaped African slaves (runaways called maroons) and produced a multiracial generation called zambos. The escaped Africans encountered the Taíno settlements. Feeling sympathetic for what they endured, the Taíno usually gave their daughters as "wives." French settlers later called people of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry marabou. The mestizo were children born to relationships between native women and European – usually Spanish – men. During French rule, children of mixed race, usually born of unions between African women and European men, were called mulâtres. As a gateway to the Caribbean, Hispaniola became a haven for pirates. The western part of the island was settled by French buccaneers. Among them was Bertrand d'Ogeron, who succeeded in growing tobacco. His success prompted many of the numerous buccaneers and freebooters to turn into settlers. This population did not submit to Spanish royal authority until the year 1660 and caused a number of conflicts. By 1640, the buccaneers of Tortuga were calling themselves the Brethren of the Coast. French pirate Jean Lafitte, who operated in New Orleans and Galveston, was born in PortauPrince around 1782. In an expression of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the United States occupied the island in 1915, and US Marines were stationed in the country until 1934. Page 7 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Page 8 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 14 How has the cultural history of Haiti 16 The global community gave immediate helped to shape its present cultural support to the people of Haiti when the elements? earthquake occurred. Which of the F Its language comes from its French following is an example of a negative and African roots. result of globalization during this event? Its customs were created by 20th F G Haiti after the earthquake undercut century immigration. H local farmers, who could not compete Its location prevents cultural and were driven out of jobs and into borrowing or diffusion with other poverty. countries. J G Aid workers brought medicine and food Its culture is similar to that of the supplies from the United States to the United States. people of Haiti. H 15 The millions of pounds of food sent to The Internet and international media Which of the following is an brought attention to the Haiti accurate inference that can be made earthquake as soon as it occurred. regarding the recent earthquake? J Thousands of Haitians lost their lives in the devastation. A PortdePaix was in the area with the most severe tremors, its location allowed for aid by sea. B C 17 Haiti’s recent earthquake has provided a PortauPrince was in the area with ____________for migration away from the the most severe tremors, and its nation. Lack of housing and economic location allowed for aid to come by devastation have joined to create a ship. worsening situation for one of the world’s The earthquake was likely a result of poorest countries. Many of the people movement in the North American who migrated wanted to move to the Plate, which also devastated areas of United States. This ________________ the Dominican Republic. was due to the belief that jobs, health D The outer areas of the island benefited the most from helicopter support, which traversed the country from north to south. care, and education were available. Which words complete the sentence above? A transportation corridor…pull factor B push factor…pull factor C pull factor...dream D government program…push factor Page 9 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 18 Mesoamerica is a cultural region that 21 In Latin America, which of the following extends from central Mexico to Belize, has been least likely impacted by satellite Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, technology? Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. What cultural A communication improvements factors do these areas have in common B Global Positioning Systems use area as a cultural region? C Geographic Information Systems use F D improvements in desalination contributing to the identification of this a general area where a number of pre Columbian societies flourished G technology remnants of Spanish colonization in the 16th and 17th centuries 19 H common language J all of these All of the following are ways that humans have modified the environment of Latin America EXCEPT — A building of the Panama Railroad B burning of the rainforest for farmland C building winding roads through the Andes D studying the environment through expeditions 20 All of the following affect subsistence farming EXCEPT — F climate G services H soil J topography Page 10 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Use the excerpt and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. The following is a citizen response to the policies of the new president of Honduras. The Hondurans are proud to be and with legitimate reason. I think at this critical hour of our history, it is necessary, indispensable, that each of us reflect on our responsibility toward Honduras. Mine, not ours, but the responsibility and obligation that I, personally, I have to the country. For this land God has given me or allowed me to take, and which is mine. Honduras mine, me and you and every one of my fellow citizens: it is an inescapable consequence of nationality. Therefore, I, you and each of us that Hondurans constitute collective, are responsible for the care of Honduras and its integrity. Responsible for continuous improvement. Responsible for their progress and development. My obligation to Honduras is the same that I can have for my mother, my wife, for my children. If I put myself and you, this wonderful country will move forward renewed and thriving. Because it is full, full of opportunities. I can!, You can!, We can! We! It only takes one act of will and show my love for this Honduras mine with deeds and not words. —Federico Alvarez, Blog(Modified), Camino Democrático 22 The excerpt above is an example of which 23 Which of the following is a traditional of the following? method many people of Latin America F how to use patriotism to overthrow have preserved and documented their the government culture and history? the belief that Honduras is a great A building modern transportation routes G throughout South America to share country H government if people join together J their cultural heritage how changes can be made in B joining NAFTA and opening trade routes with North America to enable the attempt to influence public policy people in the United States to see with nationalistic ideas their culture C creating paintings and murals on buildings about everything from Mayan heritage to Communist sympathies in Chile D practicing the Catholic religion brought to the area through Spanish colonialism Page 11 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Use the map, list, and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Resources of Latin America Page 12 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 24 Most heavy mining of natural resources in Peru began in the 1960s and 1970s. The heaviest population areas of Peru are in the north. Much of Peru is rural farm land or mountainous. Most of Peru's major industries are in the north. Which inference can be supported by the evidence above? F Peru has spent the last 40 years developing transportation corridors between the northern and southern parts of the country. G Peru is a poor country that has a wealthy population in the north, with poor rural farmers in the rest of the country. H Natural resource mining in Peru has shifted the population centers to the south. J Peru has become the wealthiest country in South America because of the development of all of their natural resources in the past 40 years. 25 Use the graph and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Which inference is best supported by the data in the graph? A The Philippines and Colombia are located in similar regions of the world. B The Philippines and Colombia have very similar communication systems. C The economy and infrastructure of the Philippines are probably more advanced than Colombia's. D The Colombian economy is probably suffering from border conflicts with its neighbors. Page 13 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 26 Which of the following correctly lists a positive economic and a negative geographic impact of deforestation in the Amazon basin? F Logging and its byproducts create thousands of jobs, and indigenous people who live in these areas can take these jobs. G There is a possibility that thousands of cures can be found in the forest, and erosion from logging is destroying the soil. H Cities and transportation systems are growing throughout the region, and more medical and health care is available. J More land is made available for agriculture and ranching, and there is a loss of land in natural habitats. Page 14 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 27 Use the table and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions. Standard of Living of Seven Countries Country Per Capita GNP Infant Mortality Percent of Urban Life Expectancy (US dollars) Rate (per 1,000) Population 1 150 175 14 45 2 300 160 25 50 3 14,000 13 78 75 4 10,000 21 65 71 5 700 155 35 49 6 13,000 10 86 76 7 1,110 75 65 67 What can you correctly infer about Country 7? A It is more developed than Country 2. B It is less developed than Country 5. C It is developing more slowly than Country 2. D It is developing more slowly than Country 1. 28 Which of the following generalizations is true based on the chart. F People in Countries 3 and 6 likely do not have the resources for health care. G Areas with lower urban populations generally have a higher life expectancy. H While Country 1 is the least developed, Country 5 is not much more developed. J Countries 1 and 2 likely have high population densities. Page 15 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question. Venezuela's new energy policy, implemented by President Chávez in 2005, includes six major projects : Magna Reserve Orinoco Project DeltaCaribbean Project Refining Project Infrastructure Project Integration Project In 2007, the Chávez government announced the nationalization of the oil industry. The foreign oil companies were forced to sign agreements giving majority control of hydrocarbon projects to the stateowned oil company PdVSA. Projects owned by companies like ConocoPhillips and ExxonMobil, who failed to sign these agreements, were taken over by PdVSA. Chávez has often threatened to cut off oil supplies to countries that disagree with his policies. Venezuela's oil production has fallen by a quarter since President Chávez took office, and falling oil prices have affected the government budget severely. However, since 2009, oil prices have surged, and more nations around the world are turning to Venezuela's large oil reserves to boost tight energy supplies, even though, Venezuela threatens to reduce oil production at a time of its highest prices. 29 Which of the following generalizations can 30 Why are the actions of the Chavez be made regarding the oil industry in government considered by some in the Venezuela? United States as controversial? A The nationalization of the industry has B led to this industry being used to _________________________________ shape international political events. The six projects in the Chavez plan have made Venezuela the leading oil producer of the 21st century. C _________________________________ _________________________________ The location of Venezuela means that _________________________________ the country can charge more for oil than other countries. _________________________________ D American countries make more money in the Venezuelan oil industry than in _________________________________ the United States or Middle East. _________________________________ Page 16 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 31 In two wellwritten paragraphs, explain the point of view of two Central Americans who have a different opinion about whether it is a good idea for their county to join NAFTA. __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ 32 Create an outline with at least two details for each element of culture in Latin America: language, religion, customs, institutions, and use of technology. Page 17 GO ON This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 33 In a paragraph, define the weather phenomenon known as El Niño and discuss how El Niño impacts humans in a selected area of Latin America. _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Page 18 STOP This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Test Key Social Studies World Geography Unit 05: Latin America 2012-2013 ## Item # Correct Answer Primary SE Secondary SE Obj/Cat 1 S0WG016218CS D WGS.1(B) [R] None STAAR: World Geography 1 2 SWG1108489D H WGS.8(C) [S] None STAAR: World Geography 2 3 SWG1086406D A WGS.8(A) [R] None STAAR: World Geography 2 4 S0WG018466CS F WGS.4(A) [R] WGS.21(A) [P] STAAR: World Geography 2 5 SOWG18532CS B WGS.6(B) [R] None STAAR: World Geography 2 6 SOWG18533CS G WGS.4(A) [R] None STAAR: World Geography 2 7 S0WG018486CS D WGS.16(C) [S] None STAAR: World Geography 3 8 SWG3133901 J WGS.9(B) [S] None STAAR: World Geography 2 9 S0WG018475CS B WGS.9(A) [R] None STAAR: World Geography 2 10 S0WG018485CS F WGS.4(B) [S] WGS.21(C) [P] STAAR: World Geography 2 11 S0WG016222CS A WGS.13(A) [P] WGS.21(C) [P] None 12 SWG1083276RX H WGS.6(A) [S] WGS.21(C) [P] STAAR: World Geography 2 13 SOWG18539CS B WGS.6(A) [S] WGS.21(C) [P] STAAR: World Geography 2 14 S0WG018470CS F WGS.5(A) [R] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 2 15 S0WG018503CS B WGS.8(B) [R] WGS.21(C) [P] STAAR: World Geography 2 16 S0WG018472CS F WGS.7(D) [S] WGS.21(A) [P] STAAR: World Geography 2 17 S0WG018471CS B WGS.7(B) [R] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 2 18 S0WG018474CS J WGS.9(A) [R] None STAAR: World Geography 2 19 S0WG018473CS D WGS.8(A) [R] None STAAR: World Geography 2 20 S0WG016221CS G WGS.11(B) [S] None STAAR: World Geography 4 21 S0WG016224CS D WGS.20(A) [S] None STAAR: World Geography 4 This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. 22 LOC18534 J WGS.15(B) [S] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 1 23 S0WG018480CS C WGS.16(A) [S] None STAAR: World Geography 3 24 SWG1086347D F WGS.12(A) [R] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 4 25 SWG3149245 C WGS.20(B) [S] WGS.22(A) STAAR: World Geography 4 26 LOC18537 J WGS.12(B) [S] None STAAR: World Geography 4 27 SWG1069254RX A WGS.5(B) [S] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 2 28 S0WG018505CS H WGS.5(B) [S] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 2 29 S0WG018478CS A WGS.12(B) [S] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 4 30 S0WG018479CS Answer: Chavez exercises greater government controls than the American government usually excercises. Chavez's control of the oil industry gives one ruler power over trade in the region where the resources are critical to other countries including the United States. WGS.15(A) [S] WGS.22(D) STAAR: World Geography 1 31 LOC18536 0 to 4 WGS.15(A) [S] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 1 32 S0WG018481CS Answers will vary WGS.16(B) [R] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 3 33 SOWG18538CS 0 to 2 WGS.8(B) [R] WGS.22(B) STAAR: World Geography 2 This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission. Scoring Rubrics 31 Answers should include a discussion of the benefits to the county of reduced tarriffs, more trade, and employment opportunities in some sectors. The answer should also include a discussion of possible negative effects such as the problems associated with the large migration of rural workers to cities looking for jobs and the growing use of cheap labor by foreign investors. 4 Response includes two well-written paragraphs that thoroughly explain the points of view of two Central Americans. 3 Response includes two paragraphs that briefly explain the points of view of two Central Americans. 2 Response includes two loosely organized paragraphs that discuss a single point of view of a Central American. 1 Response includes only one paragraph that briefly explains a point of view of a Central American. 0 No attempt is made by the student. 33 Answers will vary, yet should include effects on agriculture, flooding, landslides, etc. Sample 2-Point Response: El Niño is a weather pattern that occurs when the normally cool water near the South American coast warms. This change in water temperature affects weather around the world. The Pacific Coast experiences heavy rain and thunderstorms. As the warm air from these storms moves east, it changes the jet stream and, therefore, affects weather patterns. It is very difficult to predict the timing of El Niño and its specific results. These things can influence the growth of crops, flooding, landslides, etc. 2 Response is an accurate and thorough definition of El Niño and a discussion of how El Niño influences humans in Latin America, with complete and relevant supporting details. 1 Response is a partly accurate and incomplete definition of El Niño and a discussion of how El Niño influences humans in Latin America, with few relevant supporting details. 0 Response is a totally inappropriate or inaccurate definition of El Niño and a discussion of how El Niño influences humans in Latin America. This document is the property of TESCCC/CSCOPE and as such may not be replicated or changed without permission.