Download Unit 5

Social Studies World Geography Unit 05: Latin America 2012­2013
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1 The Columbian Exchange occurred among
4 Use the list and your knowledge of
Africa, Latin America, North America, and
social studies to answer the following
Europe. What is a lasting effect on Latin
question.
America from this exchange?
Found between 5 degrees north
A Europe colonized the area.
and 5 degrees south of the
B
Slavery continued on plantations.
equator
C
New products came from Africa
Sailors originally noticed the
that continue to be used today.
stillness of the rising air which
was not blowing in any direction
D African cultural influence is evident
Officially known as the
today.
2 Which of the following is a significant
environmental challenge to developing
Intertropical Convergence Zone
The list above describes which of the
following?
nations in South America?
F
doldrums
F
toxic emissions
G
polar winds
G
sedimentation
H
westerlies
H
deforestation
J
tropical storms
J
droughts
5 Which early 1900s construction project of
3 The use of terrace farming by the Incas is
an example of which of the following?
A modifying the environment B
destruction of the environment
C
irrigating dry areas using the drip
technique
D use of advanced technology equipment
the United States has served as a center
of urbanization, transportation, and
economic activities in Central America?
A Port­au­Prince in Haiti
B
Panama Canal in Panama City
C
Bridge of the Americas in El Salvador
D Pan­American Highway
6 When trade winds converge in the region
of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in
Latin America, what is usually produced?
F
hurricane­strength winds blowing
westerly
G
some of the heaviest rainfall on Earth
H
the El Niño effect in the Northern
Hemisphere
J
Page 2
a period of long drought
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7 Use the passage and your knowledge of
9 Which set of four regions most
social studies to answer the following
appropriately group the nations of Latin
question.
America politically?
A Mexico, Central America, South America
A group of people has __________ cultural
west of the Andes, and South America
perceptions when they believe that their
east of the Andes
cultural values are more important than
others. This is usually because they view
B
Islands, and South America
cultural characteristics through a specific
__________.
Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean
C
Dutch, Spanish, Portuguese, and
French colonial areas
Which of the following best completes the
excerpt above?
D North America, Central America, South
America, and Brazil
A ethnorelative, stereotype
B
stereotypical, ethnic view
C
dominant, perception
D ethnocentric, cultural lens
8 Use the lists and your knowledge of
social studies to answer the following
question.
Regions
1. formal region
2. functional region
3. perceptual region
Descriptions
a. a central area connected to others by
transportation, communication, or
economic activity
b. a subjective image created by people's
thoughts and feelings about an area
c. an area that shares common human or
physical characteristics
Which set correctly matches the types of
regions and their descriptions?
F
1a, 2b, 3c
G
1b, 2c, 3a
H
1a, 2c, 3b
J
1c, 2a, 3b
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Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
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10
Which of the following is the most accurate description of how the Andes Mountains were
formed?
F
The Nazca Plate and the South American Plate are converging. This causes an uplift of the
land on the western side of the South American Plate due to the subduction of the Nazca
Plate.
G
The South American Plate and the Nazca Plate are diverging. This causes the formation of
mountain ridges on the western side of the South American Plate due to the convection
under the Earth’s surface.
H
The Nazca Plate and the South American Plate are converging. This causes a subduction of
the land on the western side of the South American Plate due to the converging of the
Pacific Plate.
J
The South American Plate and the Nazca Plate are transforming. This causes the formation
of mountain ridges on the western side of the South American Plate due to the tectonic
movement of the Earth’s surface.
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Use the map and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following three questions.
Map of Argentina
11
Which physical feature is a natural border
Which of the following is the most likely
between Argentina and Chile?
reason for the location of Argentina's
A mountains
major cities?
B
deserts
A early colonial settlement was in the
C
rivers
D plains
12
13
north and the extremely hot climate in
the south B
tip, and location of rivers and
Where are Argentina's largest cities
waterways in the north
mostly located?
F
along the Atlantic coast
G
in the southern half of the country
H
in the northern part of the country
J
along the western border
climate, extreme cold in the southern
C
all of the country's natural resources
are located in the northern region of
the country
D the southern part of the country lies
along a very active fault line making it
dangerous to live there
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Use the passages, maps, and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following four
questions.
Early on, the Spanish governors began importing enslaved Africans for labor. In 1517, Charles V
authorized the draft of slaves. The Taínos became virtually, but not completely, extinct on the
island of Hispaniola. Some who evaded capture fled to the mountains and established independent
settlements. Survivors mixed with escaped African slaves (runaways called maroons) and
produced a multiracial generation called zambos. The escaped Africans encountered the Taíno
settlements. Feeling sympathetic for what they endured, the Taíno usually gave their daughters
as "wives." French settlers later called people of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry marabou.
The mestizo were children born to relationships between native women and European – usually
Spanish – men. During French rule, children of mixed race, usually born of unions between African
women and European men, were called mulâtres.
As a gateway to the Caribbean, Hispaniola became a haven for pirates. The western part of the
island was settled by French buccaneers. Among them was Bertrand d'Ogeron, who succeeded in
growing tobacco. His success prompted many of the numerous buccaneers and freebooters to turn
into settlers. This population did not submit to Spanish royal authority until the year 1660 and
caused a number of conflicts. By 1640, the buccaneers of Tortuga were calling themselves the
Brethren of the Coast. French pirate Jean Lafitte, who operated in New Orleans and Galveston,
was born in Port­au­Prince around 1782.
In an expression of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine, the United States occupied
the island in 1915, and US Marines were stationed in the country until 1934.
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Page 8
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14
How has the cultural history of Haiti
16
The global community gave immediate
helped to shape its present cultural
support to the people of Haiti when the
elements?
earthquake occurred. Which of the
F
Its language comes from its French
following is an example of a negative
and African roots.
result of globalization during this event?
Its customs were created by 20th
F
G
Haiti after the earthquake undercut
century immigration.
H
local farmers, who could not compete
Its location prevents cultural
and were driven out of jobs and into
borrowing or diffusion with other
poverty.
countries.
J
G
Aid workers brought medicine and food
Its culture is similar to that of the
supplies from the United States to the
United States.
people of Haiti.
H
15
The millions of pounds of food sent to
The Internet and international media
Which of the following is an
brought attention to the Haiti
accurate inference that can be made
earthquake as soon as it occurred.
regarding the recent earthquake?
J
Thousands of Haitians lost their lives
in the devastation.
A Port­de­Paix was in the area with the
most severe tremors, its location
allowed for aid by sea.
B
C
17
Haiti’s recent earthquake has provided a
Port­au­Prince was in the area with
____________for migration away from the
the most severe tremors, and its
nation. Lack of housing and economic
location allowed for aid to come by
devastation have joined to create a
ship.
worsening situation for one of the world’s
The earthquake was likely a result of
poorest countries. Many of the people
movement in the North American
who migrated wanted to move to the
Plate, which also devastated areas of
United States. This ________________
the Dominican Republic.
was due to the belief that jobs, health
D The outer areas of the island
benefited the most from helicopter
support, which traversed the country
from north to south.
care, and education were available.
Which words complete the sentence
above?
A transportation corridor…pull factor
B
push factor…pull factor
C
pull factor...dream
D government program…push factor
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18
Mesoamerica is a cultural region that
21
In Latin America, which of the following
extends from central Mexico to Belize,
has been least likely impacted by satellite
Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras,
technology?
Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. What cultural
A communication improvements
factors do these areas have in common
B
Global Positioning Systems use
area as a cultural region?
C
Geographic Information Systems use
F
D improvements in desalination
contributing to the identification of this
a general area where a number of pre­
Columbian societies flourished
G
technology
remnants of Spanish colonization in
the 16th and 17th centuries
19
H
common language
J
all of these
All of the following are ways that humans
have modified the environment of Latin
America EXCEPT —
A building of the Panama Railroad
B
burning of the rainforest for farmland
C
building winding roads through the
Andes
D studying the environment through
expeditions
20
All of the following affect subsistence
farming EXCEPT —
F
climate
G
services
H
soil J
topography
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Use the excerpt and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
The following is a citizen response to the policies of the new president of Honduras.
The Hondurans are proud to be and with legitimate reason. I think at this critical hour of our
history, it is necessary, indispensable, that each of us reflect on our responsibility toward
Honduras. Mine, not ours, but the responsibility and obligation that I, personally, I have to the
country. For this land God has given me or allowed me to take, and which is mine. Honduras mine,
me and you and every one of my fellow citizens: it is an inescapable consequence of nationality.
Therefore, I, you and each of us that Hondurans constitute collective, are responsible for the
care of Honduras and its integrity. Responsible for continuous improvement. Responsible for their
progress and development. My obligation to Honduras is the same that I can have for my mother,
my wife, for my children. If I put myself and you, this wonderful country will move forward
renewed and thriving. Because it is full, full of opportunities. I can!, You can!, We can! We! It only
takes one act of will and show my love for this Honduras mine with deeds and not words.
—Federico Alvarez, Blog(Modified), Camino Democrático
22
The excerpt above is an example of which
23
Which of the following is a traditional
of the following?
method many people of Latin America
F
how to use patriotism to overthrow
have preserved and documented their
the government
culture and history?
the belief that Honduras is a great
A building modern transportation routes
G
throughout South America to share
country
H
government if people join together
J
their cultural heritage
how changes can be made in
B
joining NAFTA and opening trade
routes with North America to enable
the attempt to influence public policy
people in the United States to see
with nationalistic ideas
their culture
C
creating paintings and murals on
buildings about everything from Mayan
heritage to Communist sympathies in
Chile
D practicing the Catholic religion brought
to the area through Spanish
colonialism
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Use the map, list, and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
Resources of Latin America
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24
Most heavy mining of natural resources in Peru began in the 1960s and 1970s.
The heaviest population areas of Peru are in the north.
Much of Peru is rural farm land or mountainous.
Most of Peru's major industries are in the north.
Which inference can be supported by the evidence above?
F
Peru has spent the last 40 years developing transportation corridors between the northern
and southern parts of the country.
G
Peru is a poor country that has a wealthy population in the north, with poor rural farmers in
the rest of the country.
H
Natural resource mining in Peru has shifted the population centers to the south.
J
Peru has become the wealthiest country in South America because of the development of all
of their natural resources in the past 40 years.
25
Use the graph and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
Which inference is best supported by the data in the graph? A The Philippines and Colombia are located in similar regions of the world.
B
The Philippines and Colombia have very similar communication systems.
C
The economy and infrastructure of the Philippines are probably more advanced than
Colombia's.
D The Colombian economy is probably suffering from border conflicts with its neighbors.
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26
Which of the following correctly lists a
positive economic and a negative
geographic impact of deforestation in the
Amazon basin?
F
Logging and its byproducts create
thousands of jobs, and indigenous
people who live in these areas can
take these jobs.
G
There is a possibility that thousands
of cures can be found in the forest,
and erosion from logging is destroying
the soil.
H
Cities and transportation systems are
growing throughout the region, and
more medical and health care is
available.
J
More land is made available for
agriculture and ranching, and there is
a loss of land in natural habitats. Page 14
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27
Use the table and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following questions.
Standard of Living of Seven Countries
Country
Per Capita GNP
Infant Mortality Percent of Urban Life Expectancy
(US dollars)
Rate (per 1,000)
Population
1
150
175
14
45
2
300
160
25
50
3
14,000
13
78
75
4
10,000
21
65
71
5
700
155
35
49
6
13,000
10
86
76
7
1,110
75
65
67
What can you correctly infer about Country 7?
A It is more developed than Country 2.
B
It is less developed than Country 5.
C
It is developing more slowly than Country 2.
D It is developing more slowly than Country 1.
28
Which of the following generalizations is true based on the chart.
F
People in Countries 3 and 6 likely do not have the resources for health care.
G
Areas with lower urban populations generally have a higher life expectancy.
H
While Country 1 is the least developed, Country 5 is not much more developed.
J
Countries 1 and 2 likely have high population densities.
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Use the passage and your knowledge of social studies to answer the following question.
Venezuela's new energy policy, implemented by President Chávez in 2005, includes six major
projects :
Magna Reserve
Orinoco Project
Delta­Caribbean Project
Refining Project
Infrastructure Project
Integration Project
In 2007, the Chávez government announced the nationalization of the oil industry. The foreign
oil companies were forced to sign agreements giving majority control of hydrocarbon projects to
the state­owned oil company PdVSA. Projects owned by companies like ConocoPhillips and
ExxonMobil, who failed to sign these agreements, were taken over by PdVSA. Chávez has often
threatened to cut off oil supplies to countries that disagree with his policies.
Venezuela's oil production has fallen by a quarter since President Chávez took office, and
falling oil prices have affected the government budget severely. However, since 2009, oil prices
have surged, and more nations around the world are turning to Venezuela's large oil reserves to
boost tight energy supplies, even though, Venezuela threatens to reduce oil production at a time
of its highest prices.
29
Which of the following generalizations can
30
Why are the actions of the Chavez
be made regarding the oil industry in
government considered by some in the
Venezuela?
United States as controversial?
A The nationalization of the industry has
B
led to this industry being used to
_________________________________
shape international political events.
The six projects in the Chavez plan
have made Venezuela the leading oil
producer of the 21st century.
C
_________________________________
_________________________________
The location of Venezuela means that
_________________________________
the country can charge more for oil
than other countries.
_________________________________
D American countries make more money
in the Venezuelan oil industry than in
_________________________________
the United States or Middle East.
_________________________________
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31
In two well­written paragraphs, explain the point of view of two Central Americans who have a
different opinion about whether it is a good idea for their county to join NAFTA.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
32
Create an outline with at least two details for each element of culture in Latin America:
language, religion, customs, institutions, and use of technology.
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33
In a paragraph, define the weather phenomenon known as El Niño and discuss how El Niño
impacts humans in a selected area of Latin America.
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
Page 18
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Test Key
Social Studies World Geography Unit 05: Latin America 2012-2013
##
Item #
Correct Answer
Primary
SE
Secondary
SE
Obj/Cat
1
S0WG016218CS
D
WGS.1(B)
[R]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 1
2
SWG1108489D
H
WGS.8(C)
[S]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 2
3
SWG1086406D
A
WGS.8(A)
[R]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 2
4
S0WG018466CS
F
WGS.4(A)
[R]
WGS.21(A)
[P]
STAAR: World
Geography 2
5
SOWG18532CS
B
WGS.6(B)
[R]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 2
6
SOWG18533CS
G
WGS.4(A)
[R]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 2
7
S0WG018486CS
D
WGS.16(C)
[S]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 3
8
SWG3133901
J
WGS.9(B)
[S]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 2
9
S0WG018475CS
B
WGS.9(A)
[R]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 2
10
S0WG018485CS
F
WGS.4(B)
[S]
WGS.21(C)
[P]
STAAR: World
Geography 2
11
S0WG016222CS
A
WGS.13(A)
[P]
WGS.21(C)
[P]
None
12
SWG1083276RX
H
WGS.6(A)
[S]
WGS.21(C)
[P]
STAAR: World
Geography 2
13
SOWG18539CS
B
WGS.6(A)
[S]
WGS.21(C)
[P]
STAAR: World
Geography 2
14
S0WG018470CS
F
WGS.5(A)
[R]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 2
15
S0WG018503CS
B
WGS.8(B)
[R]
WGS.21(C)
[P]
STAAR: World
Geography 2
16
S0WG018472CS
F
WGS.7(D)
[S]
WGS.21(A)
[P]
STAAR: World
Geography 2
17
S0WG018471CS
B
WGS.7(B)
[R]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 2
18
S0WG018474CS
J
WGS.9(A)
[R]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 2
19
S0WG018473CS
D
WGS.8(A)
[R]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 2
20
S0WG016221CS
G
WGS.11(B)
[S]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 4
21
S0WG016224CS
D
WGS.20(A)
[S]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 4
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22
LOC18534
J
WGS.15(B)
[S]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 1
23
S0WG018480CS
C
WGS.16(A)
[S]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 3
24
SWG1086347D
F
WGS.12(A)
[R]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 4
25
SWG3149245
C
WGS.20(B)
[S]
WGS.22(A)
STAAR: World
Geography 4
26
LOC18537
J
WGS.12(B)
[S]
None
STAAR: World
Geography 4
27
SWG1069254RX
A
WGS.5(B)
[S]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 2
28
S0WG018505CS
H
WGS.5(B)
[S]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 2
29
S0WG018478CS
A
WGS.12(B)
[S]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 4
30
S0WG018479CS
Answer: Chavez exercises greater government controls than
the American government usually excercises. Chavez's
control of the oil industry gives one ruler power over trade in
the region where the resources are critical to other countries
including the United States.
WGS.15(A)
[S]
WGS.22(D)
STAAR: World
Geography 1
31
LOC18536
0 to 4
WGS.15(A)
[S]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 1
32
S0WG018481CS
Answers will vary
WGS.16(B)
[R]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 3
33
SOWG18538CS
0 to 2
WGS.8(B)
[R]
WGS.22(B)
STAAR: World
Geography 2
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Scoring Rubrics
31
Answers should include a discussion of the benefits to the county of reduced tarriffs, more trade, and
employment opportunities in some sectors. The answer should also include a discussion of possible negative effects such as
the problems associated with the large migration of rural workers to cities looking for jobs and the growing use of cheap
labor by foreign investors.
4 Response includes two well-written paragraphs that thoroughly explain the
points of view of two Central Americans.
3 Response includes two paragraphs that briefly explain the points of view of two
Central Americans.
2 Response includes two loosely organized paragraphs that discuss a single point of
view of a Central American.
1 Response includes only one paragraph that briefly explains a point of view of a
Central American.
0 No attempt is made by the student.
33
Answers will vary, yet should include effects on agriculture, flooding, landslides, etc.
Sample 2-Point Response:
El Niño is a weather pattern that occurs when the normally cool water near the South American coast warms. This change in
water temperature affects weather around the world. The Pacific Coast experiences heavy rain and thunderstorms. As the
warm air from these storms moves east, it changes the jet stream and, therefore, affects weather patterns. It is very
difficult to predict the timing of El Niño and its specific results. These things can influence the growth of crops, flooding,
landslides, etc.
2 Response is an accurate and thorough definition of El Niño and a discussion of how El
Niño influences humans in Latin America, with complete and relevant supporting
details.
1
Response is a partly accurate and incomplete definition of El Niño and a discussion of
how El Niño influences humans in Latin America, with few relevant supporting details.
0 Response is a totally inappropriate or inaccurate definition of El Niño and a discussion of
how El Niño influences humans in Latin America.
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