Download 1D17 – BD0039 Code Questions Answers 1 Describe briefly about

Code
1
Questions
Describe briefly about the
factors influencing the
development
of
nosocomial infections.
2
Describe the different
means of transmission.
3
Write a note on treatment
and disposal of hospital
waste.
4
Write
a
note
radiography
of
pregnant women?
5
Write a note on primary
approach in management
of emergencies.
1D17 – BD0039
on
the
Answers
The microbial agent
The patient is exposed to a variety of micro-organisms during hospitalization.
Contact between the patient and a micro-organism does not by itself
necessarily result in the development of clinical disease – other factors
influence the nature and frequency of nosocomial infections. The likelihood of
exposure leading to infection depends partly on the characteristics of the
micro-organisms, including resistance to antimicrobial agents, intrinsic
virulence and the amount of infective material…..
Progress in the antibiotic treatment of bacterial infections has considerably
reduced mortality from many infectious diseases….
Patient susceptibility
Environmental factors
Bacterial resistance …(10 marks)
Means of Transmission:
1. Contact transmission
a. Direct-contact transmission
b. Indirect –contact transmission
2. Droplet transmission
3. Airborne transmission
4. Common vehicle transmission
5. Vector borne transmission
(2 × 5 = 10 marks)
Most of the waste generated in the hospital is general waste. This waste is non
toxic and non infectious. It comprises paper, left over food articles, peels of
fruits, outer cover of the disposable items etc. these wastes should be put into
black coloured polythene bags and deposited in the bin earnmarked for this
and subsequently collected for land filing. The sanitary supervisor is
responsible for the proper coordination of these activities.
Incineration
Shredding
Liquid and chemical waste
(10 marks)
X-ray examination of a woman who is known or thought to be pregnant creates
a particular problem in radiation protection because the radiation risk has
special aspects…..
There are some grounds for believing that irradiation of the foetus in utero
carries another risk. It has been suggested that leukaemia and other malignant
disease occur a little often in children whose mothers have been subjected to
diagnostic radiological examination during the pregnancy.
For these reasons, X-ray investigations of pregnant women should be carefully
controlled along the followings lines:
1. unless the condition is one requiring immediate attention such patients
should not have X-ray examination of the abdomen, lumbar spine….
2. When a pregnant woman is referred to the X-ray department for obstetric
reasons, repeat films should be avoided ….
3. When the examination is not directly of the uterus or pelvis, for example
during radiography of the lung fields or teeth, the radiographer has an
unavoidable moral responsibility to protect….
(10 marks)
Primary approach
Cardio pulmonary resuscitation
Warning signs of a medical emergency include:
1. Difficulty in breathing
2. Severe chest or upper abdominal pain
3. Cold and clammy peripheries
4. Fainting or sudden dizziness
5. Unresponsiveness
ABC of CPR…
In addition to attending to basic life support it is also important
*
Activate emergency medical services, alert, over head phones or
telephone call
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1D17 – BD0039
If using telephone, know the protocol whom to call – anesthesiologist and
other department.
Familiarize yourself with location, contents and operation of ‘crash’ cart –
emergency trolley.
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