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Wind and Weather Notes – Part 1 WIND Why is Wind Important? • • Because wind systems determine major ___________________________ on Earth. Wind also helps determine where _______________ and _______________ travel most ____________________. How Wind Moves #1: Convection Currents • • • • ______________________________of Earth by the Sun causes some areas to be ______________ than others Warm air rises = molecules ________________________; is _________ dense; has ______________ pressure Cold air sinks = molecules __________________ together; is __________ dense; has ______________ pressure Cooler air _________________ the warmer air causing _____________________________________ (remember the lava lamp!) How Wind Moves #2: Coriolis Effect • • • • The winds _______________ because of Earth’s _______________ on its _______________ _______________ near the _______________ rises & moves toward poles _______________ near the _______________ falls & moves toward equator Their paths are curved because of the _____________________________ – Northern Hemisphere = curves _______________ – Southern Hemisphere = curves _______________ Global / Prevailing Winds Westerlies: • Found between ________________north & south latitudes • Blow from the __________ (from the west to east) • Move weather systems in the US from _______________________ Doldrums: • Nearly _________________, ________________ zone found along ___________________ Trade Winds: • Air sinking near _________ north & south latitudes • Creates ___________________ that blows from the __________ • Called trade winds because early sailors used their dependability to establish _______________________ Polar Easterlies: • Found _________________________ • Blow from the __________ (from the east to west) Jet Streams: • Narrow belts of strong winds in the __________________________ • In US moves from _________________ to _________________ • Planes = if flying _________________, pilots use jet stream to save ______________________; if flying _________________, pilots fly at different altitudes to ______________________________ 60o 30o 0o 30o 60o WEATHER = Condition of atmosphere at a specific _______________ and _______________ • Occurs as result of Sun’s ____________________ and Earth’s __________ and _____________ interacting Weather Factors: o ______________________________ o ______________________________ o ______________________________ Air Temperature: • Measure of average amount of _______________ of ______________ • Low Temperature = ______________________________________ • High Temperature = _____________________________________ Wind: • Wind is caused by ______________ put into motion by the ______________ from the ______________ • Warm air = ______________ dense & ______________ pressure (RISES) • Cold air = ______________ dense & ______________ pressure (SINKS) • Wind results because HIGH pressure air (_________________) moves toward LOW pressure air (_________________) and replaces it (the __________ air moves up and the __________ air takes its place) • __________ moves _______________ systems around Earth. Humidity: • Amount of ______________________________________________ • As temperature _______________, the amount of water vapor it can hold _______________ • Warm air = _____________________________________________ • Cool air = _______________________________________________ Wind and Weather Notes – Part 2 Weather Patterns Air masses, pressure systems, and fronts cause ______________________________ Air Masses = Large ____________________________________________ Its properties are similar to part of Earth where it ________ Air mass developed over land = __________ Air mass developed over water = __________ Air mass developed in tropics = __________ Air mass developed in poles = __________ Cool / Moist Air Mass =_______________________________ Cold / Dry Air Mass =________________________________ Warm/ Moist Air Mass =______________________________ Hot / Dry Air Mass =_________________________________ Pressure Systems = Measured with a ____________________________ Low pressure system = o Areas of rising air (aka - _______________ = less dense) o Usually ________________________________________ High pressure system = o Areas of sinking air (aka - _______________ = more dense) o Usually ________________________________________ Fronts = Naming Air Masses: ________________ = Forms Over Land (dry) ________________ = Forms Over Water (wet) ________________ = Forms Over Polar Areas (cold) ________________ = Forms Over Tropical Areas (Warm) o A boundary between 2 air masses with different characteristics, such as _______________, _______________, or _______________ o At these boundaries you sometimes get cloudiness, precipitation, or storms o 3 types: ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ Cold front = __________air advances toward __________ air __________air is pushed up quickly by __________ air If temperature difference is ___________, ____________________ (even _______________) can form Draw Symbol for a Cold Front Below: Warm front = __________ air advances toward __________ air __________ air moves _________ & over ____________ front Can lead to long periods of ______________________________ Draw Symbol for a Warm Front Below: Stationary front = Neither __________ air or __________ air moves Can lead to long periods of ____________________ Draw Symbol for a Stationary Front Below: