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Name Date Period Table How is a Star’s Color Related to Its temperature? On a clear night you have surely noticed that some stars are brighter than cthers. But stars also have different colors. Rigel is blue. and Betelgense is red. Capella and ore" Sun are yellow, in this activity you will make your own Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. You will see how star brightness, color. temperature, and class are related. ~Vlaterials: Colored pencils (red, orange, yellow, blue) Procedure: 1. Study the star data chart below. Note that the sun, used as a standard of brightness, is given a value of 1. The brightness given for each other star shows how that star compares with the sun. 2. Using an X as a plot point, plot the data from the chart on the graph on the next page. Label the Sun plot only. 3. Stars with surface temperatures up to 3,500°C are red. Shade a vertical column from 2,000°C to 3,500°C a light red. 4. Shade other color columns as follows: Stars up to 5,000°C are orange-red; up to 6,000°C yellowwhite; up to 7,500°C blue-white, and up to 40,000°C blue. 5. Look for patterns in your graph. Compare it to the H-R diagram supplied by your teacher. 6. Label the main sequence, the red super giants, and the white dwarfs. Star-Bri htness Data Star Name Approx. Brighmess Temp °C (Sun = 1) Star Name Approx. Brighmess Temp °C (Sun = 1) Sun 5,300 5,500 3,900 2,500 2,900 10,I00 10,400 2,400 3,900 3,600 5,200 1 1.3 0.36 Canopus 0.0004 Capella Rigel 7,100 4,200 10,400 5,600 11,500 2,900 14,000 21,000 7,700 Alpha Centauri A Alpha Centauri B Barnard’s Star Lalande 21185 Sirius A Sirius B Ross 248 61 Cygni A 61 Cygni B ProcyonA Procyon B Epsilon Indi 7,100 3,900 0.005 23 0.008 0.0001 0.08 0.04 7.5 0.0005 0.13 Arcturus Vega Betelgeuse Achemar Beta Centauri Altair Aldebaran Spica Antares Deneb Beta Cmcis 1,500 9O 60 150 40,000 17,000 200 3,900 3,300 10 90 21,000 3,100 9,900 22,000 4,400 40,000 6,000 1,900 Spectral Class 100,000 O B A F G K M 4,500 3,000 50,000 10,000 5,000 1,000 500 100 5O 10 5 1 0.5 0.1 0.05 0.01 0.005 0.001 0.0005 0,0001 (Brightness) 40,000 20,000 10,000 7,000 6,000 Approximate Temperature, °C Questions: 1. What is the general relationship between temperature and star brightness? (Hint: Main Sequence) 2. What relationship do you see between star color and star temperature? 3. How does the sun compare to the other stars on the main sequence? 4. What star class does our sun belong to? 5. A star is classified as being m class B. What is its color? Temperature? 6. We know _dwarfs are small--smaller than our sun. How can they be so bright?