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Name
CHAPTER
Class
7
Date
Guided Reading Strategies 7.5
The Rise of Christianity
READING THE SECTION As you read the section, use the space provided to explain the
significance of the people and events listed below.
1. destruction of the Second Temple: ________________________________________
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2. Hadrian: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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3. Jesus: _______________________________________________________________
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4. Gospels: _____________________________________________________________
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5. resurrection and ascension: _____________________________________________
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6. Christian martyrs: _____________________________________________________
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7. Constantine: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. Theodosius: __________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
9. pope: _______________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
10. Trinity: _____________________________________________________________
POST-READING QUICK CHECK After you have finished reading the section, explain
why Christianity appealed to people of the Roman Empire.
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Holt World History: The Human Journey
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Guided Reading Strategies
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CHAPTER
Class
7
Date
Main Idea Activities 7.5
The Rise of Christianity
VOCABULARY Some terms to understand:
• violate (168): to treat something sacred disrespectfully
• sacked (168): robbed and looted a captured city
• hitherto (168): before this time
• exclude (169): to leave out
• ascend (169): to rise up
• penalties (169): punishments for breaking a law
• sect (170): religious faction
ORGANIZING INFORMATION Fill in the sequence chart with the events leading to the
rise of Christianity. Write events from the list in the order in which they happened.
• Rome outlawed Christianity.
• Romans feared Jesus would lead an uprising.
• Jesus of Nazareth began teaching in communities outside the city.
• Jesus was arrested, tried before Pontius Pilate, then crucified.
• Romans believed that followers of Jesus were attacking Roman religion and law.
THE RISE OF CHRISTIANITY
• Hadrian banned all Jews from Jerusalem.
• Romans turned to Christianity for hope during violence and unrest in the A.D. 200s.
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Holt World History: The Human Journey
Monotype Composition
410-467-3300
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Main Idea Activities
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Chapter 7, Main Idea Activities 7.5, continued
EVALUATING INFORMATION Mark each statement T if it is true or F if it is false.
1. Judaea was a Roman province in A.D. 6.
2. Zealots rebelled against the Romans because they wanted independence.
3. The destruction of Jerusalem strengthened the role of priests.
4. At first, in the villages he visited no one wanted to listen to Jesus.
5. Because Jesus was teaching about love, the Romans did not think he was an
enemy of the state.
6. The resurrection of Jesus became the central event of Christianity.
7. Theodosius declared Christianity the official religion of Rome.
8. Jesus was the first pope.
UNDERSTANDING MAIN IDEAS For each of the following, write the letter of the best
choice in the space provided.
1. What happened to the Jewish religion after the Romans sacked Jerusalem?
a. Rabbis or scholars became the leaders.
b. The priests built other temples.
c. The Jews worshipped near the wall.
d. The Jews wrote their history.
2. How did Rome recognize that Christians were different?
a. Their numbers became so large in a very short time.
b. They failed to stop the spread of Christianity.
c. They tried to influence others to disobey Roman law.
d. They opposed the idea of worshipping more than one god.
3. How did Christians become martyrs?
a. They were put to death because of their beliefs.
b. They obeyed Roman law but practiced their own religion.
c. They attacked the fact that Romans worshipped too many gods.
d. They converted many Romans to their point of view.
4. When did Roman law accept Christianity as a religion?
a. during the era of the Five Good Emperors
b. when the Christian church had become very large
c. before Christian property was seized
d. soon after they were allowed not to worship the emperor
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.
Holt World History: The Human Journey
Monotype Composition
410-467-3300
PAGE
64 110
Main Idea Activities
Name
Date
ld History Activity
People in Wor
Class
5
P r o f i le 1
St. Paul (C. A.D. 4–C. 64)
Nobody should seek his own good, but the good of
others.
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
REVIEWING THE PROFILE
Directions: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. How did Paul come to accept Christianity?
2. How did Paul work to spread Christianity?
3. Critical Thinking Recognizing Ideologies. Paul has been called “one of the most influential people who ever lived.” Do you agree with this assessment? Explain your answer.
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CHAPTER
St. Paul, also known as Paul of Tarsus,
was the greatest of all the Christian apostles, or messengers. He was a Jew born in St. Peter, left, and St. Paul, right
present-day Turkey when the region was
through the eastern Mediterranean, Greece,
under Roman rule, and he was a Roman
Asia Minor, Syria, and Palestine. Generally,
citizen. As a young man, Paul learned how
he and his companions would visit a city
to be a tentmaker. But the life of a man born
and preach in the synagogue or marketplace.
just a few years before him, Jesus of
Winning converts, he would help them set
Nazareth, would change Paul’s own life
up small churches that would serve as the
forever. In turn, Paul affected the lives of
seeds of Christianity in the region. Then
countless others.
Paul would move on. He is known as the
Christianity began as a sect of Judaism,
“apostle to the Gentiles” for his efforts at
and Christians were at first persecuted by
converting non-Jews to Christianity.
Jews and by others. Paul, deeply committed
Paul’s influence as a missionary was
to his own faith, participated in this persetremendous. No one else did as much to
cution. When he was about 29, he was travtransform Christianity from a Jewish sect of
eling on the road to Damascus to help
a few followers to a major world religion.
suppress the practice of Christianity there.
Equally important are his writings. His
Suddenly, in one of the most famous stories
epistles, or letters to his followers, form an
of religious awakening, it is said that Paul
important part of the New Testament. In
saw a blinding light and heard a voice ask,
fact, 14 of the 27 books of the New Testa“Why persecutest thou me?” Blinded, Paul
ment have been attributed to Paul. His
was led to Damascus where he regained his
thoughts on the divinity of Jesus, original
sight and was baptized, and his life was
sin, redemption, justification, and other
changed. From persecuting Christians, Paul
subjects are fundamental to Christian
had started on the road to becoming one of
beliefs. Eventually, Paul was arrested, stood
Christianity’s greatest promoters.
trial in Rome, and was executed in about
Paul spent the rest of his life as a Christian
A.D. 64.
missionary. He made three long trips
5
I Corinthians 10:24
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Name
Date
Class
Time Line Activity 5
Rome and the Rise of Christianity
DIRECTIONS: The Roman Republic and the Roman Empire each lasted about 500 years. The
time line below shows some of the major events of this 1,000-year period. Study the time line
to decide whether the statements that follow are true or false. Mark each answer T for true,
or F for false, then explain your answer on the line below the statement.
44 B.C. Julius Caesar assassinated.
5
450 B.C. Rome adopts first code of laws, Twelve Tables.
CHAPTER
287 B.C. Plebeians win right to make laws.
27 B.C. Augustus becomes Rome’s first emperor.
146 B.C. Rome burns Carthage.
A.D.
500 B.C.
A.D.
A.D.
40 The first Gospels are written.
1
A.D.
500
180 Pax Romana ends.
A.D.
392 Christianity becomes official religion
of Rome.
A.D. 476 Fall of the Western Roman
Empire.
Copyright © by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
1. Plebeians had more power than patricians in the early Roman Republic.
2. As Rome became more democratic, it also developed peaceful relations with
Carthage.
3. Julius Caesar came to power after Rome defeated Carthage.
4. Julius Caesar was Rome’s first emperor.
5. The Pax Romana, which began when Augustus took power, lasted about 200 years.
6. Christianity became the official religion of Rome about 350 years after the first
Gospels appeared.
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Name
f
Date
Class
Vocabulary Activity 5
Rome and the Rise of Christianity, 600 B.C.– A.D. 500
DIRECTIONS: Write the term that best completes each sentence.
1. Latin nobles declared Rome a
Etruscan rulers out of the city in 509 B.C.
(republic/tribune) after driving
2. Most of Rome’s inhabitants were
could not hold office.
(patricians/plebeians) who
CHAPTER
3. Elected officials called
affairs of the city.
(dictators/consuls) ran the day-to-day
4. The
(patricians/dictators) agreed to share power with the
plebeians after the plebeians threatened to leave the city.
5
5. A representative chosen by the plebeians was called a
(triumvirate/tribune).
6. In times of crisis, the Romans chose a
lead the city.
(patrician/dictator) to
7. Augustus, the powerful leader of the Roman army, was given the title of
(imperator/praetor), or commander in chief.
8. Pompey, Crassus, and Caesar formed a
(triumvirate/tribune).
9. Stone
(indemnities/aqueducts) carried water into Rome from
as far away as 57 miles (about 92 kilometers).
10. At first, Christianity was viewed as a
(bishops/disciples) thought he was the
(martyr/Messiah).
12. A
(procurator/patriarch) is employed by the Roman emperor
to manage or govern minor provinces.
13. Church affairs were managed by
interpreted Christian beliefs.
(bishops/disciples) who also
14. Diocletian issued a price edict that set wage and price controls to help fight
(indemnity/inflation).
15. The man who is head of the family is known as the
(gladiator/paterfamilias).
16. The
church.
126
(clergy/laity) were leaders given specific functions in the
PAGE 118
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11. Jesus’
(Messiah/sect) of Judaism.