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OFFICE PSYCHOLOGY: UNDERSTANDING GROUP DYNAMICS Malinda Fasol, PhD, LPC-S, NCC, Letourneau University WHAT IS A GROUP? GROUP DYNAMICS Influential actions, processes and changes Interactions can be both positive and negative We tend to take on distinct roles and behaviors when working in a group Effects of these roles and behaviors on other group members and on the group as a whole GROUP CONGRUENCE KNOW YOUR TEAM: PHASES OF A GROUP Forming: Members are getting to know one another Storming: characterized by conflict; might challenge leadership Norming: stronger commitment to the group and leadership; respect; cliques are dissolved; creativity; members know expectations Performing: Conflicts minimal; group processes and structure are established; hard work of the group to attain the goals; high morale, loyal COMMUNICATION “TWO WORDS “INFORMATION” AND “COMMUNICATION” ARE OFTEN USED INTERCHANGEABLY, BUT THEY SIGNIFY QUITE DIFFERENT THINGS. INFORMATION IS GIVING OUT; COMMUNICATION IS GETTING THROUGH.” SYDNEY HARRIS COMMON TERMS Sender: person(s) who creates and send the message Receiver: person(s) who receives and interprets the message Channel: the method by which the message is sent Message: the information that is being exchanged Feedback: information sent from the receiver to the sender COMMON TERMS Encoding: process of composing a message; taking an idea and putting it into a form which could be understood by others Decoding: trying to decipher a message Feedback: information sent from the receiver to the sender “THE BIGGEST PROBLEM IN COMMUNICATION IS THE ILLUSION THAT IT HAS TAKEN PLACE .” GEORGE BERNARD SHAW NOISE: INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL Psychological noise Tired Hungry Preoccupied Originates outside of the communicator Static on the phone (Can you hear me now?) Passing car, airplane, train VARIABLES OF GROUP DYNAMICS DEFINE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES What is the group’s mission What is the objective? What are the responsibilities of each member? LEADER Motivates Avoids pitting employees against each other Can diffuse situations Respect confidentiality Approachable Social Skills Avoids and discourages gossip HTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V= SCRGDBREW7Q LEADERSHIP Clear expectations Appropriate boundaries What types of communication allowed: emails, meetings, shared documents Confidentiality---ethical standards Training TACKLE PROBLEMS QUICKLY Provide constructive feedback Act quickly when problems arise (don’t let it get out of control) FIRST ON THE FIELD AND LAST OFF “WHEN DEALING WITH PEOPLE, REMEMBER YOU ARE NOT DEALING WITH CREATURES OF LOGIC BUT CREATURES OF EMOTIONS.” DALE CARNEGIE BLOCKING: NAYSAYER Cast gloom Critical Pessimistic views Cynical Oppositional THE WITHDRAWER Doesn’t participate Doesn’t contribute to ideas/solutions Seems disinterested RECOGNITION SEEKER Boastful All eyes on him or her Wants all the credit THE JOKER Clown Inappropriate timing of humor BACKSTABBER GOSSIP “Today’s gossip tomorrow’s headline.” Walter Winchell is DIRECTION? Infighting; inability to resolve conflict Focus on wrong priorities OTHER COMMON PROBLEMS Groupthink Free riding or social loafing Apprehension