Download Study Guide for Test One: Rocks and Minerals

Test 1 Study Guide
NAME _______________________________________
Questions
1. When a mineral splits easily along flat surfaces
we say that the mineral has the property called
___.
2. When a mineral breaks apart in an irregular way
we say that the mineral has the property called
_____.
3. List the 5 distinct characteristics that all
minerals have.
Answers: Can Be Found in Science Notebook
4. If an object is not formed from materials that
were once part of a living thing or materials that
were made by a living thing, then the object is
said to be ____.
5. The repeating pattern of a mineral’s particles
form a solid called a ____.
6. What type of rock is most likely the oldest and
youngest rock on Earth?
7. What is a streak and how is it obtained?
8. The term used to describe how light is reflected
from a mineral’s surface is called ____.
9. The ____ hardness scale describes the hardness
of minerals.
10. On the hardness scale what number is the
softest and what number is the hardest?
11. What mineral represents number one and ten?
Softest Number:
Hardest Number:
Mineral One:
Mineral Ten:
12. The mineral gypsum has a hardness of 2. What
would you expect to happen if you rub an object
with a hardness of 4.5 against gypsum?
13. What happens to sediments during erosion?
14. What happens to sediments during deposition?
15. What happens to sediments during
compaction?
16. What happens to sediments during
cementation?
17. How are igneous rocks formed?
18. How are metamorphic rocks formed?
19. How are sedimentary rocks formed? (list the 4
steps)
1.
2.
3.
4.

20. Igneous rocks are classified as ____(formed on
the earth’s surface) or ____ (formed below the
earth’s surface).
21. Given the cooling rate of the igneous rocks
describe the texture you would expect to find.
a. Cools very slowly
b. Cools very quickly
c. Cools fast
22. Rocks that are dark in color contain (high or
low) ____ amounts of silica.
23. A ____ sedimentary rock is formed when rock
fragments are squeezed together.
24. An ____ sedimentary rock is formed from the
remains of plants and animals.
25. A ____sedimentary rock forms when minerals
that are dissolved in solution crystallize.
26. Rock fragments with rounded edges make up
____, and rock fragments with sharp edges form
_____.
27. What type of rock forms deep within the earth,
because it requires intense heat and pressure?
28. What type of metamorphic rock has grains
arranged in parallel layers?
29. What do we call a series of processes on Earth’s
surface and in the crust and mantle that slowly
changes rocks from one kind to another?
30. In what type of rock do we typically find fossils?
formed on the earth’s surface:
formed below the earth’s surface:
Cools very slowly:
Cools very quickly:
Cools fast:
Rounded Edges:
Sharp Edges:
31. Why aren’t fossils found in the other types of
rocks?
32. Erosion of a mountain will lead to the formation
of which type of rock?
33. What type of metamorphic rock has grains
arranged randomly?
34. When one tectonic plate is forced down toward
the heat of the mantle where it melts this will
lead to the formation of what type of rock?
35. When all the grains in a rock are large and easy
to see we say the rock is ______________
grained.
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