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Year 8 Exam 2016 – topics checklist CELLS Label a diagram of an animal, plant and a bacteria cell, identifying the major organelles Describe the function of: o Cell membrane o Cytoplasm o DNA o Nucleus o Cell wall o Central vacuole o Mitochondria o Chloroplast Distinguish between cells, tissues, organs, organ systems and organisms Describe the difference between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells Describe the difference between animal and plant cells State examples of different types of cells and relate their structure to their function (e.g. flagellum on a sperm cell assists in motion of the cell to allow for sexual reproduction) Describe the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms, giving an example of each Name a type of cell division involved in growth and repair Describe binary fission and give an example of a cell that dives by binary fission Describe mitosis and give an example of a cell that divides by mitosis CHEMISTRY describe the properties and physical behaviour of solids, liquids and gases describe the changes in the physical properties of substance during melting, freezing, evaporation, boiling, condensation and sublimation relate changes of state to heating and cooling define melting point and boiling point describe the arrangement and movement of particles in solids, liquids and gases describe the diffusion of gases and why it occurs in terms of the particle model use the particle model to explain why solids, liquids and gases expand when they are heated describe the behaviour of gases under pressure in terms of the particle model link the energy of particles to heating and cooling link changes in state to the flow of energy into or out of a substance and the subsequent changes in the behaviour of the particles of the substance describe some common chemical elements recall the chemical symbols of some common elements model the structure of the atom and describe the characteristics of the three main particles recall that each chemical element is identified with a unique atomic number, which is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus distinguish between metals, non-metals and metalloids identify similar properties of groups of elements in the periodic table distinguish between elements, compounds and mixtures recall that the atoms in compounds are bonded very tightly together recall that elements can be separated from compounds only as a result of a chemical reaction recognise that the properties of compounds are different from the elements that make them up use the formulae of simple compounds to identify the elements that make them up model the arrangement of atoms in the molecules of some compounds distinguish between the physical and chemical properties of substances outline some examples of physical and chemical properties recognise that the chemical properties of a substance affect its use define chemical change as a change in which the bonds between atoms or molecules are broken or new bonds between these particles are formed distinguish between physical changes and chemical changes define a chemical reaction as a chemical change in which a new substance is produced identify evidence that a chemical reaction has taken place distinguish between the reactants and products of a chemical reaction describe simple chemical reactions using word equations describe a variety of methods of speeding up or slowing down chemical reactions recognise that corrosion and burning (combustion) are chemical reactions ROCKS describe the formation of igneous rocks distinguish between extrusive and intrusive igneous rocks explain how cooling rate affects crystal size describe the formation of sedimentary rocks explain the role of water in the formation of many sedimentary rocks describe the roles of heat and pressure in the formation of metamorphic rocks identify the cyclic nature of the formation of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks identify the type of rock (igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic) using a key based on observing physical and chemical properties outline the uses of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks, including as building materials and in Australian Indigenous culture recall that all rocks are made of substances called minerals describe the physical properties of a variety of minerals recognise that the minerals in some rocks provide valuable resources explain how layers of sedimentary and other rocks, together with fossils, reveal information about past environments and life on Earth