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REVIEW EXERCISE: TERMS AND EVENTS Directions: Identify the terms and events being described in each of the following groups. ( Group 1: Exploration, Colonization, and the Revolution boycott Parliament Jamestown Puritans charter Pilgrims mercantilism Revolutionary War writs of assistance Mayflower Compact Northwest Passage Line of Demarcation House of Burgesses French and Indian War Sons of Liberty Intolerable Acts town meeting New Netherland Boston Massacre Navigation Acts Toleration Act Declaration of Independence Committees of Correspondence Fundamental Orders of Connecticut Lexington and Concord (1 ) the colonists yelled insults and threw snowballs at some British soldiers; the redcoats fired into a crowd, killing five patriots (2) Maryland law giving religious freedom to all Christians (3) warrants permitting the British to search colonial homes for smuggled goods (4) members exchanged letters telling of local anti-British activities in the years before the Revolutionary War (5) they separated from the Church of England , and came to America for religious freedom; before landing at Plymouth, Massachusetts, the people set forth rules for their colony in the Mayflower Compact; the colonists and Indians celebrated the first Thanksgiving in 1621 (6) Paul Revere and William Dawes warned the minutemen that the redcoats were marching out of Boston; the colonists met the British and fought the opening battles of the American Revolution in these towns (7) when the patriots staged the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed these harsh laws to punish the people of Massachusetts (8) a refusal to buy goods in order to force a change in policy; the colonists used this tactic to get Parliament to repeal some of its strict trade and tax policies (9) it was the first permanent English settlement in America; because of the strict rules set forth by John Smith - "no work, no food" - the colonists survived the "starving time" (10) the British and the Americans together drove the French from North America after winning the Battle of Quebec (11 ) lawmaking body in Great Britain which taxed the colonies and limited trade (12) left England and settled in the Boston area; started the Massachusetts Bay Colony in order to enjoy freedom of religion (13) document granting permission to start a colony in America (14) the gathering of people in a New England town for the purpose of making their own local laws (15) announced that the new "United States of America" was an independent country free of British rule (16) agreement among the Pilgrims which set up their own government (17) first representative government in America; voters in Virginia elected their own lawmakers -144A ( 21)fY7 RoJwrt W. Shedlock - u>uning Center USA, PO B~)x 19, ·'cio. NY 14880 - 1-80fi..6S6-0420 - www.leamin~c(.ntt.rusa.net (18) (19) harassed British tax collectors and other officials; dumped tea into Boston harbor Dutch colony seized by the English and renamed New York (20) a short-cut through North America to Asia, which the explorers hoped to find (21 ) the first constitution - (22) it separated newly discovered lands around the world between Spain and Portugal; it was drawn by the Pope in order to avoid disputes over land claims which might lead to war (23) conflict in which the Americans defeated the British, and became an independent nation (24) economic system used by the British government to force the Thirteen Colonies to trade mostly with the mother country (25) laws which required the colonies to trade mostly with England written plan of government - in America Group 2: The Nation Grows Stronger First Amendment Oregon Country manifest destiny executive branch reserved powers legislative branch federal government delegated powers Electoral College Trail of Tears Inauguration Day judicial branch Oregon Trail spoils system Spanish Cession Mexican Cession political party Monroe Doctrine Homestead Act judicial review convention Bill of Rights Supreme Court impressment War of 1812 amendment veto constitution Alamo Congress President Cabinet Senate Erie Canal War Hawks nationalism separation of powers Industrial Revolution House of Representatives Articles of Confederation checks and balances United States Constitution Land Ordinance of 1785 concurrent powers Marbury II. Madison Gadsden Purchase Critical Period (1 ) the lawmaking body consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives (2) a written plan of government (3) gave 160 acres in the West to people who agreed to occupy the land for at least five years (4) used by President Andrew Jackson to give government jobs to friends and loyalsupporteffi (5) divided western lands into townships of 36 sections; settlers could purchase land for $1 per acre (6) it was caused by the impressment of American seamen by the British, and by the British encouragement of Indian raids against frontier families; this two-year conflict between the United States and Great Britain ended with neither side achieving victory (7) head of the executive branch of the federal government; chooses Cabinet members and Supreme Court justices; serves a four-year term, with a two-term limit (8) during the early 1800s, it was the main route of trade and travel between New York City and the Great Lakes region (9) house of Congress with two members from each state ( , -144B ©::!.H07 Rohert W. Shedlock - Learning Center USA, PO Box 19, Scio, NY 1.1880 - 1-800-686-0420 - www.Jcarningccllterusa.net. (10) route of the Indians who were forced to move from the Southeast to the Oklahoma Territory (11 ) it became a U.S. territory after a lengthy period of "joint occupation" between the United States and Great Britain (12) branch of government that makes the laws; this branch of the federal government is called the Congress, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives (13) amendment which guaranteed freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition · (14) the refusal of the President to sign a bill into law (15) strong loyalty or support for one's nation (16) the group of advisers to the President (Secretary of State, Secretary of the Treasury, etc.) (17) seizure of American sailors by the British in the early 1800s; this became a cause of the War of 1812 powers shared by the national (federal) government and state governments, such as the power to collect taxes ( (18) (19) bought from Mexico and used for a railroad route south of the Rocky Mountains (20) followed by wagon trains from Independence, Missouri, to the Northwest (21 ) Santa Anna killed American defenders of this mission in San Antonio (22) a new President takes the oath of office on January 20 (23) it was given by Spain to the United States; in return, the U.S. canceled Spain's $5 million debt (24) it has been the plan of government of the United States since 1789; consists of articles and amendments (25) powers given to the states by the Constitution (26) the Senate and this lawmaking body make up the Congress in Washington, D.C.; population determines the number of members from each state (27) people with similar ideas who support certain candidates for office (28) it was the constitution of the United States from 1781 until 1789; because it created a weak central government, it was replaced by the United States Constitution (29) the making of goods by machines in factories; it began in the 1790s . (30) division of power between the executive, legislative, and judicial branches (31 ) powers given by the Constitution to the federal government (32) group that casts electoral votes for the presidential candidates, based on the popular vote results in each state (33) Congressmen at the time of the War of 1812 who wanted to capture Canada from the British and Florida from the Spanish (34) branch of government which interprets (explains) laws; it includes the Supreme Court, other federal courts, and state and local courts (35) U.S. policy aimed at keeping European nations out of Latin America --- --- - 144C --- .'=-=:----::---=--c:---::-=-:--:-:-:~-_,____::_:_::__:::___:_:_:_--__=_-_:__---- m007 Rorn.'rt W. Shedlock - Learning Ccntcr tlS:\, PO Box 19, Scio. !'try 1-mRO - 1-800-6U-41420 - www.lcarningc{.nterusa.net ( (36) an addition to or change in the Constitution (37) slogan of Americans who wanted the United States to expand to the Pacific coast (38) power is shared by the federal government and state governments (39) case in which the Supreme Court acquired the right of judicial review (40) branch of government which enforces laws; at the federal level, is headed by the President (41 ) highest U.S. court; consists of the Chief Justice and eight associate justices; can declare laws unconstitutional (42) the first ten amendments to the Constitution (43) enables one branch of government to limit the power of another branch, such as when the President (executive branch) vetoes a bill passed by Congress (legislative branch) (44) meeting at which a political party chooses its presidential candidate (45) land in the Southwest taken from Mexico after the United States won the Mexican War (46) difficult years after the Revolutionary War when the plan of government of the United States was the weak Articles of Confederation (47) power of the Supreme Court to declare laws unconstitutional Group 3: The Civil War and Reconstruction Bull Run Ku Klux Klan poll tax tariff Fort Sumter Civil War abolitionist secede impeach states' rights Solid South Vicksburg Black Codes Gettysburg plantation nullification segregation Republican Party Reconstruction sectionalism Fugitive Slave Law Freedmen's Bureau Dred Scott decision Jim Crow laws Emancipation Proclamation Thirteenth Amendment Appomattox Court House Fourteenth Amendment Underground Railroad Missouri Compromise Fifteenth Amendment popular sovereignty (1 ) the withdrawal of a state from the Union, as was done by the Confederate states (2) the first battle of the Civil War, fought near Washington, D.C.; it was a stunning Confederate victory, and showed that the war would not be over soon (3) it imposed heavy fines on people who helped slaves escape from the South (4) Southerners (mostly blacks) who could not pay it were not allowed to vote (5) where Robert E. Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant at the end of the Civil War (6) where the Confederates fired the first shots of the Civil War; it was located at Charleston, South Carolina (7) the people of a territory decide whether or not to have slavery (8) large farm in the South where slaves worked in the fields and cotton was the leading cash crop - - - -- - -1440 ©20U7 Rolx'rt W. Shedlock - Learning Centel'lJSA, PO Box 19, Scio. NY I..mSO - 1-800-686-0410 - www.lcamingcentE'rtlsa.nct (9) ( it gave citizenship to blacks, and "equal protection of the laws" to citizens of the United States (10) it abolished slavery in all parts of the United States (11 ) the Supreme Court ruled that a slaveowner could take a slave into free territory, and not have to set the slave free; the slave was his "property" and could be taken anywhere (12) belief that a state can ignore a federal law it thinks is unconstitutional (13) period after the Civil War when the former Confederate states were readmitted to the Union (14) helped provide the former slaves with food, clothing, shelter, and jobs (15) laws made by Southern state governments to keep whites and blacks apart (16) founded to oppose the extension of slavery into the territories (17) the Union defeated the Confederacy, and the nation was reunited; lasted from 1861 until 1865, and is sometimes known as the 'War Between the States" (18) members wore white robes and hoods; they scared many blacks away from the polls (19) a person who wanted to end slavery in the United States (20) a belief in the South that a state should have power over the federal government (21 ) tax on cheap foreign goods to protect Northern manufacturers (22) during the Civil War, President Lincoln freed the slaves in states fighting against the Union (23) General Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North was stopped by Union troops in Pennsylvania; this battle became the turning point of the Civil War (24) separation of the races in housing, schools, transportation, etc. (25) laws passed by Southern states to limit the rights of blacks (26) system whereby escaped slaves were moved northward to Canada (27) a person cannot be denied the right to vote because of race or color (28) captured by General Ulysses S. Grant, giving the Union control of the Mississippi River (29) the North, South, and West often held different views on various issues (30) to accuse a government official of misconduct; the House of Representatives has the power to take this action against the President (31 ) a compromise between the North and South, whereby Maine became a free state, Missouri a slave state, and slavery was outlawed in the northern part of the Louisiana Territory (32) after the Reconstruction Period ended in 1876, Southerners voted overwhelmingly for Democratic candidates for some 75 years l -144E ©2007 Robert W. Shedlock - Lea"lling Cente,· OSA, PO Box 19, Scio. NY I-tR80 - 1·80U-6M·0420 - www.ll.8rningc(.ntc-rusa.net Group 4: Modern America Takes Shape labor union naturalization mass production corporation suffrage muckrakers injunction (1 ) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11 ) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21 ) (22) (23) (24) (25) workmen's compensation Temperance Movement Pure Food and Drug Act collective bargaining Sixteenth Amendment Seneca Falls Convention Sherman Anti-Trust Act strike civil rights depression arbitration reformer primary ethnic group quota system referendum conservation civil service system it replaced the spoils system; government jobs were given to people with the highest test scores right to vote money given to a worker who has been hurt on the job manufacturing large quantities of goods at low cost using an assembly line when labor and management cannot agree on a contract, a third party recommends a settlement it set a yearly limit on the number of immigrants who could enter the United States from various foreign countries the process by which an immigrant becomes a citizen of the United States it established an income tax voters in a state choose the candidate that they want to represent their party in an election an organization of workers which tries to bargain for higher wages, fringe benefits, and improved working conditions banned harmful foods and medicines; required labels on containers basic rights which are guaranteed to all citizens people are allowed to vote for or against a proposed law the preserving of forest lands, soil, water, and other natural resources an economic downturn in which company profits decline, unemployment increases, and consumers have less money to spend; it is the low point of the business cycle wrote about trusts, child labor, impure food, slums, and corruption it attracted people who were against the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages a refusal to work; workers set up a picket line the process by which labor and management negotiate a new contract people with cultural similarities who differ from other groups first federal law to restrict monopolies; it was later strengthened by the Clayton Anti-Trust Act a court order; often used by the federal government during the late 1800s and early 1900s to end strikes a person who wants to change conditions for the better the first women's rights meeting in the United States; the organizers included Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton a business owned by many stockholders, which allows it to raise large sums of money -144F ©2007 RolX'rt W. Sht.'!llock - I..earning Center USA, PO Box 19, Scio. NY 1-'880 - 1·800·686-0420 - www.leamingc(,llt(,fUS8.nct Group 5: Modern America stock market crash Nineteenth Amendment Twenty-Second Amendment Eighteenth Amendment Twenty-First Amendment Spanish-American War Good Neighbor Policy Cuban Missile Crisis Brown If. Board of Education of Topeka Third World World War II Vietnam War integration containment Warsaw Pact World War I Marshall Plan Lusitania Truman Doctrine Great Depression United Nations Plessy If. Ferguson Social Security Act League of Nations communism discrimination Pearl Harbor Korean War Cold War NATO Prohibition Watergate NAACP Holocaust detente New Deal (1) amendment which outlawed the making and selling of alcoholic beverages (2) peacekeeping organization formed at the end of World War II; all member nations have a representative in the General Assembly; 15 countries belong to the Security Council, which works to solve international crises (3) it began after Germany invaded Poland in 1939, and involved the Allied Powers and Axis Powers; the U.S. joined the Allies after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor; after the D-Day invasion of northern France on June 6, 1944, the Nazis were forced to retreat and eventually surrender; Japan surrendered soon after atomic bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 (4) did not take sides with either the Free World nations or the communist countries during the Cold War (5) economic and political system in which the government has strict control; the government owns factories, farms, and businesses; there is only one political party, the Communist Party; human rights are limited (6) provided aid to Greece and Turkey to fight the spread of communism after World War II (7) it occurred in October of 1929, and marked the beginning of the Great Depression (8) U.S. base in Hawaii attacked by Japan on December 7,1941; Congress responded by declaring war on the Japanese; the United States entered the war on the side of the Allied Powers (9) in 1896, the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites was legal (10) in this 1954 case, the Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were illegal (11) it was the worst depression in American history, lasting from 1929 until the U.S. entered World War 1/ in 1941 (12) ended when the Twenty-First Amendment repealed the Eighteenth Amendment; it was a period of speakeasies, bootleggers, and moonshine (13) bringing together groups - especially blacks and whites been kept apart in schools, housing, transportation, etc. (14) period of tension between the United States and Soviet Union; began at the end of World War II and lasted until the early 1990s which had -144G <021H17 RoOt' rt W. Shedlock - Learning Center USA, PO Box 19, Scio. NY 1~80 - 1-8()O.. ~6 ..0420 - www.leamingct.llterusa.net (15) Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to improve U.S. relations with Latin America (16) Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to fight the Great Depression; the Civilian Conservation Corps, Works Progress Administration, and Tennessee Valley Authority created jobs for the unemployed (17) the United States fought against the Vietcong and North Vietnam; anti-war demonstrations in the U.S. became widespread (18) (19) · _ _ _ _ _ __ alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellites in Eastern Europe it lasted from 1914 until 1918, and involved the Allied Powers and Central Powers; many Americans died when a German U-boat sank the unarmed British passenger liner Lusitania; American troops were sent to Europe in 1917, and helped the Allies win the war (20) American and United Nations forces fought against the North Korean and Chinese Communists between 1950 and 1953 (21 ) founded to end discrimination through new laws and court decisions (22) this break-in at Democratic headquarters, and subsequent cover-up, led to the resignation of President Richard Nixon (23) a U.S. blockade ordered by President John F. Kennedy forced the Soviet Union to withdraw offensive weapons from the island of Cuba (24) Cuba revolted against Spain, and the United States entered the conflict on the side of the Cubans; the "yellow press" turned out sensational news stories which aroused support for the war among the American people; Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders captured San Juan Hill; after Spain's defeat, the U.S. took possession of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines (25) denying equality to blacks and other minorities in jobs, housing, schools, etc. (26) gave aid to help Western European nations rebuild and fight communism after World War II (27) it limited Presidents to two terms (28) the murder of 6 million Jews by the Nazis during World War II (29) law providing payments to retired or jobless workers (30) it was sunk by a German U-boat, and convinced many Americans that the United States should end its neutrality and enter World War I on the side of the Allies (31 ) amendment which gave women the right to vote (32) U .S. policy for limiting the spread of world communism (33) the Senate rejected President Woodrow Wilson's plan to join it; this organization failed to prevent World War II (34) a thawing of Cold War tensions during the 1970s (35) repealed the Eighteenth Amendment, and thereby ended Prohibition (36) the United States, Canada, and many Western European nations formed this alliance to oppose the spread of communism 1D1tlU7 Rolwrl W. Shedlock - ~lrl1ing· -144H Center USA, PO 130 ); 19, Scio. NY 1-&880 - 1-8{)f)-M6-0410 - www.leamin~ct.ntt.rusa.net