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George Herbert Mead (1863-1931): I. The self emerges from social experience. II. Social experience involves communication and the exchange of symbols. III. To understand intention, you must imagine the situation from another person’s point of view. I ulike situasjoner samhandler vi ut fra ulike sider av oss selv: ”the structure of the complete self is thus a reflection of the complete social process” (:144) Charles Horton Cooley: The looking-glass self: The image people have of themselves is based on how they believe others perceive them (1902). George Herbert Mead: “The individual experiences himself as such, not directly, but only indirectly, from the particular standpoints of other individual members of the same social group, or from the generalized standpoint of the social group as a whole to which he belongs.” (Mind, Self and Society) Our capacity to see ourselves through others implies that the self has two components: The self is subject; the I. The self is object; the Me. I and Me work closely together in a co-operative process (not like Freud’s id, ego and super-ego). “The self has the characteristic that it is an object to itself, and that characteristic distinguishes it from other objects and from the body” (:136) “We do inevitably tend at a certain level of sophistication to organize all experience into that of a self….Similarly, we normally organize our memories upon the string of our self” (:135) The self is essentially a social structure, and it arises in social experience. After a self has arisen, it in a certain sense provides for itself its social experience” (:140) “The importance of what we term ‘communication’ lies in the fact that it provides a form of behaviour in which the organism or the individual may become an object to himself….communication in the sense of significant symbols, communication which is directed not only to others but also to the individual himself” (:139) Development of the self: I. II. III. IV. Imitation Play Complex games Generalized other Fra spedbarnets imitasjon, til barnets lek, til barnets spill, til sosial samhandling: Lærer å ta den konkrete Andres perspektiv, å ta mange Andres perspektiv, å ta den generaliserte Andres perspektiv.