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Name: ANSWER KEY Date: ______________ STUDY GUIDE for Science Quest - Chapter 4, Lessons 1 & 2 Lesson 1: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis Directions: 1. Fill in the blanks using the vocabulary words. 2. Highlight important words in the definitions. diploid egg fertilization haploid homologous chromosomes meiosis II mitosis sexual reproduction mitosis Sexual reproduction sperm meiosis offspring meiosis I selective breeding zygote 1. Process when one diploid body cell becomes 2 diploid body cells. 2. The type of cell division that takes place in one-celled or multi-celled eukaryotic organisms. 3. An embryo goes through this process after fertilization. 1. A type of reproduction in which the genetic material from two different cells combine, producing an offspring. 2. Offspring inherit the same number of chromosomes of each parent. 3. Causes genetic variation (differences) 4. (Ex.: people reproduce this way) Selective breeding 1. 2. egg sperm fertilization zygote The process of selecting animals or plants with specific characteristics to reproduce so that the offspring has the chosen characteristic (trait). (Ex.: Dogs are selectively bred for behavior and a variety of appearance traits (coat type, color, size). The female sex cell, which forms in the ovary The male sex cell, which forms in the testis A process when an egg cell and a sperm cell join together The new cell that forms from fertilization offspring diploid A new organism produced by one or two parents. 1. Body cells that has pairs of chromosomes homologous chromosomes haploid meiosis Meiosis I Meiosis II Pairs of chromosomes in which one chromosome is inherited from each parent Sex cells that have only one chromosome from each pair One diploid body cell divides and makes four haploid sex cells. Results in 2 cells Results in 4 cells 2. (Ex. Human body cells have 23 pairs of chromosomes = 46 chromosomes in all) Directions: Compare mitosis and cell division with meiosis Mitosis and cell division meiosis 1 time 2 times 2 daughter diploid cells 4 daughter haploid cells What causes the division Our bodies need to grow Our bodies need to to take place? or repair our cells. produce egg or sperm How many times does the nucleus divide? How many daughter cells are reproduced? Are the daughter cells diploid or haploid? cells. What type of cell does the division occur in? Body cells Sex cells Lesson 2: Asexual Reproduction animal regeneration asexual reproduction cloning fission bacteria budding vegetative reproduction Directions: 1. Fill in the blanks using the vocabulary words. 2. Highlight important words in the definitions. Asexual One parent organism produces offspring without meiosis and reproduction fertilization fission 1. Cell division in prokaryotes that forms two genetically identical cells after the DNA is copied 2. When this occurs, the original cell no longer exists and two new daughter cells are formed 3. type of asexual reproduction budding 1. A new organism grows by mitosis and cell division on the body of its parent 2. When this occurs, the original cell exists along with the offspring 3. type of asexual reproduction 4. (Ex.: yeast reproduces this way) bacteria Animal regeneration A type of organism that divides through fission 1. Occurs when an offspring grows from a piece of its parent 2. type of asexual reproduction 3. (Ex.: planarian, star fish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and sponges reproduce this way) Vegetative regeneration 1. Offspring grow from a part of a parent plant 2. type of asexual reproduction cloning 1. Performed in a laboratory that produces identical individuals from a cell or from a cluster of cells taken from a multicellular organism 2. type of asexual reproduction 3. (Ex.: raspberries, potatoes, and strawberries reproduce this way) Directions: Compare the advantages and disadvantages of sexual and asexual reproduction. advantages Sexual reproduction Asexual reproduction Selective breeding allows for Saves energy and time more genetic variation disadvantages Takes up a lot of time and energy Harmful genetic mutation
