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Audiology Hearing, Hearing Loss, and Aural Rehabilitation Presented by: Emily C. Pastore Au.D., CCC-A September 24, 2016 Hearing Loss Association of America Cape Cod Chapter Today’s Presentation • • • • • What is Audiology/Audiologist? The Hearing System Overview Types of Hearing Loss Hearing Aids/Aural Rehabilitation Questions/Discussion Audiology A branch of science dealing with hearing; specifically: therapy of individuals having impaired hearing. Audiologist • Au-di-ol-o-gists: Audiologists are the primary health-care professionals who evaluate, diagnose, treat, and manage hearing loss and balance disorders in adults and children. • Most audiologists earn a Doctor of Audiology (Au.D.) degree. Some audiologists earn a Doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) degree in the hearing and balance sciences. • Audiology is a highly recognized profession and has been ranked by U.S. News and World Report as one of the Best Careers in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. Audiologists (continued) • Evaluate and diagnose hearing loss and vestibular (balance) disorders • Prescribe, fit, and dispense hearing aids and other amplification and hearing • • • • • assistance technologies Are members of cochlear implant teams Perform ear or hearing related surgical monitoring Design and implement hearing conservation programs Design and implement newborn hearing screening programs Work in a variety of settings, such as hospitals, clinics, private practice, ENT offices, universities, K-12 schools, government, military, and Veterans’ Administration (VA) hospitals. Facts About Hearing Loss • Approximately 36 million Americans suffer from hearing loss • More than half of the people with hearing loss are younger than 65 • Untreated hearing loss can affect your ability to understand speech and can negatively impact your social and emotional well-being • Hearing loss can put more strain on your cognition, therefore stealing energy from you short term memory and focus. • Hearing loss can decrease your quality of life • Hearing loss is the third most common health problem in the US The Hearing System Outer Ear • Auricle (cartilage covered by skin placed on opposites sides of the head) • Auditory canal (also called the ear canal) • Eardrum outer layer (also called the tympanic membrane) Conditions of the Outer Ear (Conductive hearing loss) • • • • • Cerumen (ear wax) obstruction Otitis Externa (swimmer’s ear) Foreign body in the Ear Canal Bony lesions of the Ear Canal (exostosis) Atresia of the Ear Canal The Hearing System Middle Ear • Eardrum • Cavity (also called the tympanic cavity) • Auditory tube – drains fluid from the middle ear into the throat behind the nose • Ossicles (3 tiny bones that are attached) • Malleus (or hammer) – long handle attached • • to the eardrum Incus (or anvil) – the bridge bone between the malleus and the stapes Stapes (or stirrup) – the footplate; the smallest bone in the body Conditions of the Middle Ear (Conductive hearing loss) • Middle Ear Fluid or Infection (otitis media) • Tympanic Membrane Atelectasis or Retraction (collapse of the ear • • • • drum) Tympanic Membrane Perforation (hole in the eardrum) Cholesteatoma Damage to the Middle Ear Ossicles Otosclerosis The Hearing System Inner Ear and Brainstem • The Oval window – connects the middle ear with the inner ear • Semicircular ducts – filled with fluid; attached to cochlea and nerves; send information on balance and head position to the brain • Cochlea – spiral-shaped organ of hearing; transforms sound into signals that get sent to the brain Conditions of the Inner Ear/ Brainstem (Sensorineural hearing loss) • Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when there is damage to the inner ear (cochlea), or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear to the brain. Most of the time, SNHL cannot be medically or surgically corrected. This is the most common type of permanent hearing loss. • Possible causes: • • • • Illnesses Drugs that are toxic to hearing Hearing loss that runs in the family (genetic or hereditary) Aging Evaluating The Hearing System • • • • • Otoscopy Tympanometry Acoustic Reflexes OtoAcoustic Emissions (OAE) Audiometry • Air Conduction • Bone Conduction • Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT) • Word Recognition Score (WRS) • Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) • Electrocochleography (ECOG) • VideoNystagmography (VNG) Degrees of Hearing Loss Familiar Sounds Audiogram Hearing Loss Simulation • • • • http://www.tc.umn.edu/~hinzx029/ Hearing Loss Simulator Joe Hinz, Audiology Student University of Minnesota Hearing Aids and Aural Rehabilitation • Aural Rehabilitation: Services that focus on adjusting to a hearing loss, making the best of hearing aids, exploring assistive devices that might help, managing conversations, and taking charge of communication conditions. Services may be individual, in small groups, or a combination of both. • Hearing Aids: Electroacoustic devices designed to amplify sound for the wearer, usually with the aim of making speech more intelligible, and correct impaired hearing as measured by audiometry. • Hearing aids are regulated by the FDA. Ordinary small audio amplifiers or other plain sound reinforcing systems cannot be sold as “hearing aids.” Pictures of Behind-the-Ear hearing aid In-the-Ear hearing aid and More Powerful/ traditional BTE hearing aid Picture of a Cochlear Implant and a Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA) Assistive Listening Devices • • • • FM Systems Sound Field Systems T-Coils and Loop Systems Alerting Devices Thank you! Please feel free to contact me with any questions or concerns you may have. Cape Cod Hearing Services, Inc. 508-790-0063 [email protected] References: • • • • • • www.HowsYourHearing.org www.ASHA.org www.ENTNET.org www.EarQ.com www.Merriam-Webster.com Google Images