Download audiology pastore

Audiology
Hearing, Hearing Loss, and Aural Rehabilitation
Presented by:
Emily C. Pastore Au.D., CCC-A
September 24, 2016
Hearing Loss Association of America
Cape Cod Chapter
Today’s Presentation
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What is Audiology/Audiologist?
The Hearing System Overview
Types of Hearing Loss
Hearing Aids/Aural Rehabilitation
Questions/Discussion
Audiology
A branch of science dealing with hearing; specifically:
therapy of individuals having impaired hearing.
Audiologist
• Au-di-ol-o-gists: Audiologists are the primary health-care professionals who
evaluate, diagnose, treat, and manage hearing loss and balance disorders in
adults and children.
• Most audiologists earn a Doctor of Audiology (Au.D.) degree. Some
audiologists earn a Doctor of philosophy (Ph.D.) or Doctor of Science (Sc.D.)
degree in the hearing and balance sciences.
• Audiology is a highly recognized profession and has been ranked by U.S. News
and World Report as one of the Best Careers in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009.
Audiologists (continued)
• Evaluate and diagnose hearing loss and vestibular (balance) disorders
• Prescribe, fit, and dispense hearing aids and other amplification and hearing
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assistance technologies
Are members of cochlear implant teams
Perform ear or hearing related surgical monitoring
Design and implement hearing conservation programs
Design and implement newborn hearing screening programs
Work in a variety of settings, such as hospitals, clinics, private practice, ENT
offices, universities, K-12 schools, government, military, and Veterans’
Administration (VA) hospitals.
Facts About Hearing Loss
• Approximately 36 million Americans suffer from hearing loss
• More than half of the people with hearing loss are younger than 65
• Untreated hearing loss can affect your ability to understand speech
and can negatively impact your social and emotional well-being
• Hearing loss can put more strain on your cognition, therefore stealing
energy from you short term memory and focus.
• Hearing loss can decrease your quality of life
• Hearing loss is the third most common health problem in the US
The Hearing System
Outer Ear
• Auricle (cartilage covered by
skin placed on opposites sides
of the head)
• Auditory canal (also called the
ear canal)
• Eardrum outer layer (also called
the tympanic membrane)
Conditions of the Outer Ear (Conductive
hearing loss)
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Cerumen (ear wax) obstruction
Otitis Externa (swimmer’s ear)
Foreign body in the Ear Canal
Bony lesions of the Ear Canal (exostosis)
Atresia of the Ear Canal
The Hearing System Middle Ear
• Eardrum
• Cavity (also called the tympanic cavity)
• Auditory tube – drains fluid from the
middle ear into the throat behind the nose
• Ossicles (3 tiny bones that are attached)
• Malleus (or hammer) – long handle attached
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to the eardrum
Incus (or anvil) – the bridge bone between
the malleus and the stapes
Stapes (or stirrup) – the footplate; the
smallest bone in the body
Conditions of the Middle Ear (Conductive
hearing loss)
• Middle Ear Fluid or Infection (otitis media)
• Tympanic Membrane Atelectasis or Retraction (collapse of the ear
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drum)
Tympanic Membrane Perforation (hole in the eardrum)
Cholesteatoma
Damage to the Middle Ear Ossicles
Otosclerosis
The Hearing System
Inner Ear and Brainstem
• The Oval window – connects the
middle ear with the inner ear
• Semicircular ducts – filled with fluid;
attached to cochlea and nerves; send
information on balance and head
position to the brain
• Cochlea – spiral-shaped organ of
hearing; transforms sound into
signals that get sent to the brain
Conditions of the Inner Ear/
Brainstem (Sensorineural hearing loss)
• Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) occurs when there is damage to
the inner ear (cochlea), or to the nerve pathways from the inner ear
to the brain. Most of the time, SNHL cannot be medically or
surgically corrected. This is the most common type of permanent
hearing loss.
• Possible causes:
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Illnesses
Drugs that are toxic to hearing
Hearing loss that runs in the family (genetic or hereditary)
Aging
Evaluating The Hearing System
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Otoscopy
Tympanometry
Acoustic Reflexes
OtoAcoustic Emissions (OAE)
Audiometry
• Air Conduction
• Bone Conduction
• Speech Recognition Threshold (SRT)
• Word Recognition Score (WRS)
• Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)
• Electrocochleography (ECOG)
• VideoNystagmography (VNG)
Degrees of Hearing Loss
Familiar Sounds Audiogram
Hearing Loss Simulation
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http://www.tc.umn.edu/~hinzx029/
Hearing Loss Simulator
Joe Hinz, Audiology Student
University of Minnesota
Hearing Aids and Aural Rehabilitation
• Aural Rehabilitation: Services that focus on adjusting to a hearing loss,
making the best of hearing aids, exploring assistive devices that might help,
managing conversations, and taking charge of communication conditions.
Services may be individual, in small groups, or a combination of both.
• Hearing Aids: Electroacoustic devices designed to amplify sound for the
wearer, usually with the aim of making speech more intelligible, and
correct impaired hearing as measured by audiometry.
• Hearing aids are regulated by the FDA. Ordinary small audio amplifiers or
other plain sound reinforcing systems cannot be sold as “hearing aids.”
Pictures of Behind-the-Ear hearing aid
In-the-Ear hearing aid and More Powerful/
traditional BTE hearing aid
Picture of a Cochlear Implant and a
Bone Anchored Hearing Aid (BAHA)
Assistive Listening Devices
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FM Systems
Sound Field Systems
T-Coils and Loop Systems
Alerting Devices
Thank you!
Please feel free to contact me with any questions or
concerns you may have.
Cape Cod Hearing Services, Inc.
508-790-0063
[email protected]
References:
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www.HowsYourHearing.org
www.ASHA.org
www.ENTNET.org
www.EarQ.com
www.Merriam-Webster.com
Google Images