Download Exam 2

Exam 2
Student: ___________________________________________________________________________
1.
Starch digestion is confined to the:
A.mouth and large intestine
B.stomach and large intestine
C.mouth and stomach
D.mouth and small intestine
2.
Bacteria:
A.are not cellular
B.lack a nucleus
C.lack a plasma membrane
D.are eukaryotic
3.
The loop of the nephron exhibits:
A.active release of sodium from the descending limb
B.active release of sodium from the ascending limb
C.passive release of potassium from the ascending limb
D.water release from the ascending limb
E.active transport of water
4.
Which is the correct sequence of air movement during inspiration?
A.pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
B.larynx, pharynx, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea
C.bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
D.pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
1
5.
The function of the digestive system is:
A.to ingest food
B.to digest food
C.absorb nutrients
D.eliminate indigestibles
E.All of the choices are correct.
6.
Which of the following continuously divide producing new cells?
A.red blood cells
B.white blood cells
C.stem cells
D.heme
7.
The renal pyramids are contained within the:
A.renal medulla
B.renal pelvis
C.renal cortex
D.glomerular capsule
8.
Which substance is NOT normally found in urine?
A.uric acid
B.urea
C.water
D.glucose
9.
Urea is a by-product of ____ metabolism.
A.lipid
B.glucose
C.vitamin and mineral
D.amino acids
2
10. The "ball" of food that is moved through the esophagus is called:
A.sphincter
B.cannula
C.bolus
D.chyme
11. Choose the CORRECT statement(s) concerning the function of blood.
A.It transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
B.It defends the body against infection.
C.It helps prevent loss of blood by clotting.
D.It transports hormones.
E.All of the choices are functions of blood.
12. The majority of carbon dioxide is transported:
A.as CO2 dissolved in the plasma
B.as bicarbonate ion in the plasma
C.by hemoglobin within red blood cells
D.as carbonic acid within red blood cells
13. The small red biconcave discs (red blood cells) are also called:
A.erythrocytes
B.leukocytes
C.thrombocytes
D.hemoglobin
E.None of the choices are correct.
14. White blood cells are also called:
A.erythrocytes
B.leukocytes
C.thrombocytes
D.hemoglobin
E.None of the choices are correct.
3
15. Blood doping involves the use of erythropoietin by athletes to:
A.stimulate breakdown of older red blood cells
B.add additional hemoglobin to red blood cells
C.stimulate formation of leukocytes to boost the immune system
D.increase the number of red blood cells
16. As an adult, red blood cells are formed in the:
A.lymph nodes
B.red bone marrow
C.thyroid gland
D.kidneys
E.liver
17. The rupturing of red blood cells is called:
A.sickle cell
B.hemocytosis
C.anemia
D.hemolysis
E.None of the choices are correct.
18. Neutrophils and lymphocytes are types of:
A.platelets
B.red blood cells
C.white blood cells
D.plasma cells
E.epithelial cells
19. The function of blood platelets is:
A.defense
B.supply nutrients/oxygen
C.assisting in blood clotting
D.producing antibodies
E.All of the choices are correct.
4
20. All of the following may be found in the blood except:
A.fibrinogen
B.glucose
C.urea
D.oxygen
E.glycogen
21. A person with blood type AB can safely receive sterile blood from a person with this type of blood:
A.O
B.A
C.AB
D.All of the choices are correct.
22. Viruses:
A.are composed of a capsid and nucleic acid
B.are prokaryotic cells
C.reproduce only inside a host cell
D.are composed of a capsid and nucleic acid and reproduce only inside a host cell
23. The genome of viruses:
A.is always made of DNA
B.is always made of RNA
C.can be DNA or RNA
D.can be made of protein
24. Choose the most accurate statement concerning bacteria.
A.All bacteria are harmful.
B.Bacteria have membrane bound DNA.
C.They reproduce by binary fission.
D.They are considered eukaryotic.
E.They come in 4 basic shapes.
5
25. The lymphatic system:
A.takes up excess tissue fluid, returns it to the bloodstream
B.absorbs fats in the intestines
C.helps the body defend against disease
D.All of the choices are correct.
26. The process of programmed cell death is called:
A.ptosis
B.apoptosis
C.apophysis
D.psoas
27. Cancer is more likely to occur in individuals who:
A.have an active immune system
B.have a faulty immune system
C.are treated with monoclonal antibodies
D.have higher than normal levels of IgB
28. Which of the following is in correct order of food movement in the gastrointestinal tract?
A.esophagus, stomach, pharynx
B.pharynx, stomach, esophagus
C.pharynx, esophagus, stomach
D.stomach, pharynx, esophagus
29. Protein digestion begins in the:
A.oral cavity
B.esophagus
C.stomach
30. What is the role of HCl in the stomach?
A.It is a symptom of indigestion.
B.It contributes only to stomach ulcers.
C.It is a digestive enzyme.
D.It aids digestion of starch.
E.It increases the effectiveness of pepsin.
6
31. Which of the following human digestive enzymes is INCORRECTLY matched to its substrate?
A.pepsin-protein
B.trypsin-nucleic acid
C.salivary amylase-starch
D.lipase-fat
E.maltase-maltose
32. Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called:
A.polymers
B.villi
C.polyps
D.lacteals
33. Which of the following is the correct pairing of the structure with its secretion?
A.pancreas; bile
B.liver; bile
C.gallbladder; bile
34. Vitamins often form:
A.coenzymes
B.structural proteins
C.antioxidants
D.coenzymes and antioxidants
35. The human body requires ____ different amino acids.
A.100
B.50
C.30
D.20
E.10
7
36. Free radicals can donate electrons to:
A.DNA
B.proteins found in the plasma membrane
C.lipids found in the plasma membrane
D.DNA and proteins found in the plasma membrane
E.DNA, proteins found in the plasma membrane, and lipids found in the plasma membrane
37. As air passes into the respiratory tract:
A.it is warmed
B.it is moistened
C.particles are filtered and trapped
D.All of the choices are correct.
38. Swallowed food or fluid is prevented from entering the trachea by the:
A.pharynx
B.larynx
C.epiglottis
D.saliva
39. The process of respiration includes:
A.breathing
B.external respiration
C.internal respiration
D.production of ATP
E.All of the choices are correct.
40. During external respiration:
A.oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli
B.carbon dioxide leaves the blood
C.oxygen leaves the blood into the tissues
D.carbon dioxide enters the blood from the tissues
E.oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli and carbon dioxide leaves the blood
8
41. A lung disease caused by bacteria that become encapsulated is called:
A.emphysema
B.pneumonia
C.rheumatic fever
D.tuberculosis
E.pulmonary fibrosis
42. Which of the following is associated with smoking?
A.heart disease
B.low-birthweight babies
C.cancer of the bladder
D.cancer of the pancreas
E.All of the choices are correct.
43. The respiratory center in located within the:
A.medulla oblongata of the brain
B.lungs
C.trachea
D.bronchioles
44. Air comes into the lungs during inspiration because:
A.atmospheric pressure is less than lung (alveolar) pressure
B.atmospheric pressure is greater than lung (alveolar) pressure
C.the partial pressure of oxygen is greater within the lungs
D.residual air in the lungs causes the partial pressure of oxygen to be less than outside
45. The urinary system helps regulate:
A.water content of the body
B.blood volume of the body
C.pH of the blood
D.All of the choices are correct.
9
46. The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the:
A.urethra
B.ureter
C.collecting duct
D.proximal convoluted tubule
47. The ureter connects with which portion of the kidney?
A.renal medulla
B.renal pelvis
C.renal cortex
D.pyramid
48. Which organ of excretion releases water, salt, and some urea and helps cool the body?
A.kidneys
B.liver
C.lungs
D.skin
49. The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which:
A.helps calcium absorption
B.stimulates red blood cell production
C.regulates pH of the blood
D.regulates osmolarity
50. The glomerular capsule:
A.returns material to the blood
B.receives filtered material from the blood
C.makes urea
D.contains urine in its final state
51. Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is:
A.lower than in other capillary beds
B.higher than in other capillary beds
C.responsible for maintaining filtration
D.higher than in other capillary beds and is responsible for maintaining filtration
10
52. Why does alcohol consumption increase urine production?
A.alcohol must be eliminated by excretion
B.alcohol inhibits ADH causing diuresis
C.alcohol increases the production of ANH causing diuresis
D.alcohol increases the collecting duct's permeability to water
53. Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product?
A.urea
B.uric acid
C.creatinine
D.bile pigments
54. Crystals of uric acid can collect in joints. This condition is called:
A.the diuretic effect
B.alkalosis
C.cystitis
D.gout
E.pyelonephritis
55. The loop of the nephron:
A.serves no useful purpose
B.contains the glomerulus
C.is important for water reabsorption
D.is important for excreting large foreign molecules such as penicillin
56. Substances which increase urine production are known as:
A.laxatives
B.anti-inflammatories
C.anti-diuretics
D.diuretics
11
57. The abnormal increase in immature lymphocytes is called:
A.lymphocytema
B.leukemia
C.leukopenia
D.lymphomegaly
E.None of the choices are correct.
58. Of the agranular leukocytes, which one is in the majority?
A.eosinophils
B.neutrophils
C.basophils
D.monocytes
E.lymphocytes
59. Which of the following are actually cell fragments and not whole cells?
A.RBCs
B.WBCs
C.platelets
60. Which of the following is the correct percentage of the blood component?
A.55% of blood; formed elements
B.45% of blood; formed elements
C.20% of blood; plasma
D.20% of blood; formed elements
61. Which of the following are agranulocytes?
A.monocytes
B.neutrophils
C.basophils
D.lymphocytes
E.monocytes and lymphocytes
12
62. Mature human red blood cells:
A.have a nucleus
B.are biconcave discs without a nucleus
C.are rare in the bloodstream
D.carry plasma
63. Hemoglobin is:
A.carried in red blood cells
B.an oxygen transporter
C.required for cellular respiration
D.a pigment of blood
E.All of the choices are correct.
64. Choose the CORRECT statement.
A.RBCs are manufactured in the red bone marrow.
B.Stem cells differentiate.
C.RBCs live for only about 120 days.
D.2 million RBCs are made each second.
E.All of the choices are correct.
65. When blood cells are broken down:
A.the iron is returned to the bone marrow
B.bilirubin and biliverdin contribute to the color of feces
C.globin is broken down to amino acids
D.the spleen and liver are involved
E.All of the choices are correct.
66. Which of the following is a place where microbes can be found?
A.on inanimate objects
B.on surfaces
C.in the human body
D.on plant surfaces
E.All of the choices are correct.
13
67. Which of the following products is created by fermentative bacteria?
A.cheese
B.beer
C.wine
D.bread
E.All of the choices are correct.
68. Choose the following statement that most accurately describes viruses.
A.They contain a protein coat called a capsid.
B.They may contain genomic DNA or RNA.
C.They are acellular.
D.They are obligate intracellular parasites.
E.All of the choices are correct.
69. Viruses multiply in cells because:
A.the cell's DNA directs the production of new viruses
B.the mitochondria become new viruses
C.viral DNA instructs the cell to produce more of the virus
D.the cell offers nutrients and protection
70. An infectious particle that contains no nucleic acid is called a:
A.virus
B.viroid
C.prion
D.helminth
71. Which of the following diseases is caused by an emerging viral pathogen?
A.tuberculosis
B.SARS
C.botulism
D.chicken pox
14
72. The stiff fibers on a bacterium which allows it to adhere to a host cell are called:
A.flagella
B.plasmids
C.fimbriae
D.capsules
73. Before a virus can enter a host cell, it must:
A.lose its capsid
B.attach to the host cell with fimbriae
C.bind with a receptor on the outer surface of the host cell
D.digest a hole in the host cell using lysozymes
74. Lymphatic vessels return lymph to the:
A.aorta
B.heart
C.esophagus
D.right and left subclavian veins
75. Decomposers:
A.break down dead organic matter in the environment by secreting digestive enzymes
B.break down living organic matter by secreting digestive enzymes
C.destroy living cells then break them down with digestive enzymes
D.live in close association with another species
76. Mechanical digestion refers to:
A.breakdown of food particles by enzymes
B.cutting food into smaller pieces with a knife and fork
C.churning of food in the muscular stomach
D.hydrolysis of nutrients
77. Erosion of teeth due to bacterial digestion of sugar resulting in acid production is called:
A.dental caries
B.molar infection
C.dentin
D.peristalsis
15
78. Movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach requires:
A.relaxation of the diaphragm
B.contraction of the diaphragm
C.relaxation of a sphincter
D.contraction of a sphincter
79. Which of the following functions in the storage and elimination of feces?
A.small intestines
B.large intestines
C.rectum
80. Which of the following is a muscular tube that passes foodstuffs from the mouth to the stomach?
A.epiglottis
B.trachea
C.nasopharynx
D.esophagus
81. Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called:
A.frenula
B.sphincters
C.cannula
D.anastomoses
82. The innermost layer of the digestive tract that is a mucous secreting epithelium is:
A.mucosa
B.submucosa
C.muscularis
D.serosa
83. The central opening of a tube is called:
A.lacuna
B.laluna
C.lumen
D.lamella
16
84. The process of breathing in is called:
A.inspiration
B.expiration
C.ventilation
85. The manner in which air both enters and exits the lungs is known as:
A.expiration
B.respiration
C.gas exchange
D.inspiration
E.ventilation
86. Respiratory gases diffuse through:
A.small arteries
B.small veins
C.arterioles
D.capillaries
E.lymph system
87. The Adam's apple is actually part of the:
A.pharynx
B.larynx
C.glottis
D.vocal cords
88. How is voice pitch varied?
A.The glottis regulates the amount of air striking the vocal cords.
B.The vocal cords change shape
C.The vocal cords experience vibration changes due to air speed.
D.Muscles attached to the vocal cords create variations of tension.
E.Vocal cords do not have anything to do with pitch.
17
89. In humans, the lungs inflate because of:
A.contraction of lung muscles
B.contraction of the diaphragm and rib muscles
C.relaxation of chest muscles
D.relaxation of chest and abdomen
90. Inspiration involves:
A.flattening of the diaphragm, expansion of the rib cage
B.raising of the diaphragm, relaxation of the rib cage
C.flattening of the rib cage only
D.raising of the rib cage only
E.None of the choices are correct.
91. The amount of air which enters and leaves the respiratory tract in one resting breath is called the:
A.residual volume
B.tidal volume
C.vital capacity
92. The type of respiration in which ATP is produced within a living cell is called:
A.breathing
B.external respiration
C.internal respiration
D.cellular respiration
93. The highest carbon dioxide concentration (partial pressure CO2) is found in the:
A.external atmosphere
B.trachea
C.alveoli
D.tissue cells
18
94. Excretion primarily rids the body of:
A.excess fuels
B.undigested food
C.minerals
D.substances that were involved in metabolism
E.All of the choices are correct.
95. The process of elimination of soluble metabolic wastes is called:
A.defecation
B.excretion
C.secretion
D.metabolism
E.None of the choices are correct.
96. The urinary bladder:
A.aids defecation
B.is where white blood cells attack bacteria
C.stores urine permitting controlled urination
D.regulates blood volume
97. How do the urinary and reproductive tract come into direct contact?
A.In females the urethra joins with the vagina internally before exiting the body.
B.In males, semen and urine are transported through the urethra.
C.In females, the urethra empties directly into the uterus.
D.There is no direct contact between the urinary and reproductive tracts.
98. Urination is also called:
A.micturition
B.erythropoietin
C.tubular secretion
D.urethritis
19
99. The glomerular filtrate that collects in the cavity of the glomerular capsule is:
A.concentrated urine
B.similar to blood plasma minus blood proteins
C.used bile ready for excretion
D.glycogen and water
100.Hemodialysis may be used to:
A.remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood
B.remove toxins from the blood
C.add bicarbonate ions to the blood
D.All of the choices are correct.
20
Exam 2 Key
1.
Starch digestion is confined to the:
a.
b.
c.
D
mouth and large intestine
stomach and large intestine
mouth and stomach
mouth and small intestine
Mader - 008 Chapter... #28
2.
Bacteria:
a.
B
c.
d.
are not cellular
lack a nucleus
lack a plasma membrane
are eukaryotic
Mader - 007 Chapter... #15
3.
The loop of the nephron exhibits:
a.
B
c.
d.
e.
active release of sodium from the descending limb
active release of sodium from the ascending limb
passive release of potassium from the ascending limb
water release from the ascending limb
active transport of water
Mader - 010 Chapter... #48
4.
Which is the correct sequence of air movement during inspiration?
A
b.
c.
d.
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles
larynx, pharynx, bronchi, bronchioles, trachea
bronchi, bronchioles, trachea, pharynx, larynx
pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchioles, bronchi
Mader - 009 Chapter... #10
1
5.
The function of the digestive system is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
to ingest food
to digest food
absorb nutrients
eliminate indigestibles
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 008 Chapter... #2
6.
Which of the following continuously divide producing new cells?
a.
b.
C
d.
red blood cells
white blood cells
stem cells
heme
Mader - 006 Chapter... #26
7.
The renal pyramids are contained within the:
A
b.
c.
d.
renal medulla
renal pelvis
renal cortex
glomerular capsule
Mader - 010 Chapter... #21
8.
Which substance is NOT normally found in urine?
a.
b.
c.
D
uric acid
urea
water
glucose
Mader - 010 Chapter... #37
2
9.
Urea is a by-product of ____ metabolism.
a.
b.
c.
D
lipid
glucose
vitamin and mineral
amino acids
Mader - 010 Chapter... #67
10.
The "ball" of food that is moved through the esophagus is called:
a.
b.
C
d.
sphincter
cannula
bolus
chyme
Mader - 008 Chapter... #16
11.
Choose the CORRECT statement(s) concerning the function of blood.
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
It transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
It defends the body against infection.
It helps prevent loss of blood by clotting.
It transports hormones.
All of the choices are functions of blood.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #4
12.
The majority of carbon dioxide is transported:
a.
B
c.
d.
as CO2 dissolved in the plasma
as bicarbonate ion in the plasma
by hemoglobin within red blood cells
as carbonic acid within red blood cells
Mader - 006 Chapter... #14
3
13.
The small red biconcave discs (red blood cells) are also called:
A
b.
c.
d.
e.
erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes
hemoglobin
None of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #16
14.
White blood cells are also called:
a.
B
c.
d.
e.
erythrocytes
leukocytes
thrombocytes
hemoglobin
None of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #18
15.
Blood doping involves the use of erythropoietin by athletes to:
a.
b.
c.
D
stimulate breakdown of older red blood cells
add additional hemoglobin to red blood cells
stimulate formation of leukocytes to boost the immune system
increase the number of red blood cells
Mader - 006 Chapter... #27
16.
As an adult, red blood cells are formed in the:
a.
B
c.
d.
e.
lymph nodes
red bone marrow
thyroid gland
kidneys
liver
Mader - 006 Chapter... #29
4
17.
The rupturing of red blood cells is called:
a.
b.
c.
D
e.
sickle cell
hemocytosis
anemia
hemolysis
None of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #40
18.
Neutrophils and lymphocytes are types of:
a.
b.
C
d.
e.
platelets
red blood cells
white blood cells
plasma cells
epithelial cells
Mader - 006 Chapter... #51
19.
The function of blood platelets is:
a.
b.
C
d.
e.
defense
supply nutrients/oxygen
assisting in blood clotting
producing antibodies
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #68
20.
All of the following may be found in the blood except:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
fibrinogen
glucose
urea
oxygen
glycogen
Mader - 006 Chapter... #78
5
21.
A person with blood type AB can safely receive sterile blood from a person with this type of blood:
a.
b.
c.
D
O
A
AB
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #96
22.
Viruses:
a.
b.
c.
D
are composed of a capsid and nucleic acid
are prokaryotic cells
reproduce only inside a host cell
are composed of a capsid and nucleic acid and reproduce only inside a host cell
Mader - 007 Chapter... #5
23.
The genome of viruses:
a.
b.
C
d.
is always made of DNA
is always made of RNA
can be DNA or RNA
can be made of protein
Mader - 007 Chapter... #8
24.
Choose the most accurate statement concerning bacteria.
a.
b.
C
d.
e.
All bacteria are harmful.
Bacteria have membrane bound DNA.
They reproduce by binary fission.
They are considered eukaryotic.
They come in 4 basic shapes.
Mader - 007 Chapter... #14
6
25.
The lymphatic system:
a.
b.
c.
D
takes up excess tissue fluid, returns it to the bloodstream
absorbs fats in the intestines
helps the body defend against disease
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 007 Chapter... #27
26.
The process of programmed cell death is called:
a.
B
c.
d.
ptosis
apoptosis
apophysis
psoas
Mader - 007 Chapter... #77
27.
Cancer is more likely to occur in individuals who:
a.
B
c.
d.
have an active immune system
have a faulty immune system
are treated with monoclonal antibodies
have higher than normal levels of IgB
Mader - 007 Chapter... #88
28.
Which of the following is in correct order of food movement in the gastrointestinal tract?
a.
b.
C
d.
esophagus, stomach, pharynx
pharynx, stomach, esophagus
pharynx, esophagus, stomach
stomach, pharynx, esophagus
Mader - 008 Chapter... #6
29.
Protein digestion begins in the:
a. oral cavity
b. esophagus
C stomach
Mader - 008 Chapter... #8
7
30.
What is the role of HCl in the stomach?
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
It is a symptom of indigestion.
It contributes only to stomach ulcers.
It is a digestive enzyme.
It aids digestion of starch.
It increases the effectiveness of pepsin.
Mader - 008 Chapter... #25
31.
Which of the following human digestive enzymes is INCORRECTLY matched to its substrate?
a.
B
c.
d.
e.
pepsin-protein
trypsin-nucleic acid
salivary amylase-starch
lipase-fat
maltase-maltose
Mader - 008 Chapter... #36
32.
Small growths arising from the epithelial lining of the colon are called:
a.
b.
C
d.
polymers
villi
polyps
lacteals
Mader - 008 Chapter... #44
33.
Which of the following is the correct pairing of the structure with its secretion?
a. pancreas; bile
B liver; bile
c. gallbladder; bile
Mader - 008 Chapter... #46
8
34.
Vitamins often form:
a.
b.
c.
D
coenzymes
structural proteins
antioxidants
coenzymes and antioxidants
Mader - 008 Chapter... #74
35.
The human body requires ____ different amino acids.
a.
b.
c.
D
e.
100
50
30
20
10
Mader - 008 Chapter... #91
36.
Free radicals can donate electrons to:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
DNA
proteins found in the plasma membrane
lipids found in the plasma membrane
DNA and proteins found in the plasma membrane
DNA, proteins found in the plasma membrane, and lipids found in the plasma membrane
Mader - 008 Chapter... #95
37.
As air passes into the respiratory tract:
a.
b.
c.
D
it is warmed
it is moistened
particles are filtered and trapped
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 009 Chapter... #4
9
38.
Swallowed food or fluid is prevented from entering the trachea by the:
a.
b.
C
d.
pharynx
larynx
epiglottis
saliva
Mader - 009 Chapter... #9
39.
The process of respiration includes:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
breathing
external respiration
internal respiration
production of ATP
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 009 Chapter... #16
40.
During external respiration:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli
carbon dioxide leaves the blood
oxygen leaves the blood into the tissues
carbon dioxide enters the blood from the tissues
oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli and carbon dioxide leaves the blood
Mader - 009 Chapter... #24
41.
A lung disease caused by bacteria that become encapsulated is called:
a.
b.
c.
D
e.
emphysema
pneumonia
rheumatic fever
tuberculosis
pulmonary fibrosis
Mader - 009 Chapter... #56
10
42.
Which of the following is associated with smoking?
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
heart disease
low-birthweight babies
cancer of the bladder
cancer of the pancreas
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 009 Chapter... #60
43.
The respiratory center in located within the:
A
b.
c.
d.
medulla oblongata of the brain
lungs
trachea
bronchioles
Mader - 009 Chapter... #65
44.
Air comes into the lungs during inspiration because:
a.
B
c.
d.
atmospheric pressure is less than lung (alveolar) pressure
atmospheric pressure is greater than lung (alveolar) pressure
the partial pressure of oxygen is greater within the lungs
residual air in the lungs causes the partial pressure of oxygen to be less than outside
Mader - 009 Chapter... #67
45.
The urinary system helps regulate:
a.
b.
c.
D
water content of the body
blood volume of the body
pH of the blood
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #3
11
46.
The tube that transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder is the:
a.
B
c.
d.
urethra
ureter
collecting duct
proximal convoluted tubule
Mader - 010 Chapter... #7
47.
The ureter connects with which portion of the kidney?
a.
B
c.
d.
renal medulla
renal pelvis
renal cortex
pyramid
Mader - 010 Chapter... #8
48.
Which organ of excretion releases water, salt, and some urea and helps cool the body?
a.
b.
c.
D
kidneys
liver
lungs
skin
Mader - 010 Chapter... #10
49.
The kidneys secrete the hormone erythropoietin, which:
a.
B
c.
d.
helps calcium absorption
stimulates red blood cell production
regulates pH of the blood
regulates osmolarity
Mader - 010 Chapter... #17
50.
The glomerular capsule:
a.
B
c.
d.
returns material to the blood
receives filtered material from the blood
makes urea
contains urine in its final state
Mader - 010 Chapter... #24
12
51.
Blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries is:
a.
b.
c.
D
lower than in other capillary beds
higher than in other capillary beds
responsible for maintaining filtration
higher than in other capillary beds and is responsible for maintaining filtration
Mader - 010 Chapter... #25
52.
Why does alcohol consumption increase urine production?
a.
B
c.
d.
alcohol must be eliminated by excretion
alcohol inhibits ADH causing diuresis
alcohol increases the production of ANH causing diuresis
alcohol increases the collecting duct's permeability to water
Mader - 010 Chapter... #29
53.
Which of the following is NOT a nitrogenous waste product?
a.
b.
c.
D
urea
uric acid
creatinine
bile pigments
Mader - 010 Chapter... #32
54.
Crystals of uric acid can collect in joints. This condition is called:
a.
b.
c.
D
e.
the diuretic effect
alkalosis
cystitis
gout
pyelonephritis
Mader - 010 Chapter... #35
13
55.
The loop of the nephron:
a.
b.
C
d.
serves no useful purpose
contains the glomerulus
is important for water reabsorption
is important for excreting large foreign molecules such as penicillin
Mader - 010 Chapter... #46
56.
Substances which increase urine production are known as:
a.
b.
c.
D
laxatives
anti-inflammatories
anti-diuretics
diuretics
Mader - 010 Chapter... #31
57.
The abnormal increase in immature lymphocytes is called:
a.
B
c.
d.
e.
lymphocytema
leukemia
leukopenia
lymphomegaly
None of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #1
58.
Of the agranular leukocytes, which one is in the majority?
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
eosinophils
neutrophils
basophils
monocytes
lymphocytes
Mader - 006 Chapter... #2
59.
Which of the following are actually cell fragments and not whole cells?
a. RBCs
b. WBCs
C platelets
Mader - 006 Chapter... #8
14
60.
Which of the following is the correct percentage of the blood component?
a.
B
c.
d.
55% of blood; formed elements
45% of blood; formed elements
20% of blood; plasma
20% of blood; formed elements
Mader - 006 Chapter... #11
61.
Which of the following are agranulocytes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
monocytes
neutrophils
basophils
lymphocytes
monocytes and lymphocytes
Mader - 006 Chapter... #15
62.
Mature human red blood cells:
a.
B
c.
d.
have a nucleus
are biconcave discs without a nucleus
are rare in the bloodstream
carry plasma
Mader - 006 Chapter... #17
63.
Hemoglobin is:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
carried in red blood cells
an oxygen transporter
required for cellular respiration
a pigment of blood
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #21
15
64.
Choose the CORRECT statement.
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
RBCs are manufactured in the red bone marrow.
Stem cells differentiate.
RBCs live for only about 120 days.
2 million RBCs are made each second.
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #28
65.
When blood cells are broken down:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
the iron is returned to the bone marrow
bilirubin and biliverdin contribute to the color of feces
globin is broken down to amino acids
the spleen and liver are involved
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 006 Chapter... #32
66.
Which of the following is a place where microbes can be found?
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
on inanimate objects
on surfaces
in the human body
on plant surfaces
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 007 Chapter... #1
67.
Which of the following products is created by fermentative bacteria?
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
cheese
beer
wine
bread
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 007 Chapter... #3
16
68.
Choose the following statement that most accurately describes viruses.
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
They contain a protein coat called a capsid.
They may contain genomic DNA or RNA.
They are acellular.
They are obligate intracellular parasites.
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 007 Chapter... #4
69.
Viruses multiply in cells because:
a.
b.
C
d.
the cell's DNA directs the production of new viruses
the mitochondria become new viruses
viral DNA instructs the cell to produce more of the virus
the cell offers nutrients and protection
Mader - 007 Chapter... #7
70.
An infectious particle that contains no nucleic acid is called a:
a.
b.
C
d.
virus
viroid
prion
helminth
Mader - 007 Chapter... #10
71.
Which of the following diseases is caused by an emerging viral pathogen?
a.
B
c.
d.
tuberculosis
SARS
botulism
chicken pox
Mader - 007 Chapter... #13
72.
The stiff fibers on a bacterium which allows it to adhere to a host cell are called:
a.
b.
C
d.
flagella
plasmids
fimbriae
capsules
Mader - 007 Chapter... #18
17
73.
Before a virus can enter a host cell, it must:
a.
b.
C
d.
lose its capsid
attach to the host cell with fimbriae
bind with a receptor on the outer surface of the host cell
digest a hole in the host cell using lysozymes
Mader - 007 Chapter... #20
74.
Lymphatic vessels return lymph to the:
a.
b.
c.
D
aorta
heart
esophagus
right and left subclavian veins
Mader - 007 Chapter... #23
75.
Decomposers:
A
b.
c.
d.
break down dead organic matter in the environment by secreting digestive enzymes
break down living organic matter by secreting digestive enzymes
destroy living cells then break them down with digestive enzymes
live in close association with another species
Mader - 007 Chapter... #2
76.
Mechanical digestion refers to:
a.
b.
C
d.
breakdown of food particles by enzymes
cutting food into smaller pieces with a knife and fork
churning of food in the muscular stomach
hydrolysis of nutrients
Mader - 008 Chapter... #1
77.
Erosion of teeth due to bacterial digestion of sugar resulting in acid production is called:
A
b.
c.
d.
dental caries
molar infection
dentin
peristalsis
Mader - 008 Chapter... #4
18
78.
Movement of food from the esophagus to the stomach requires:
a.
b.
C
d.
relaxation of the diaphragm
contraction of the diaphragm
relaxation of a sphincter
contraction of a sphincter
Mader - 008 Chapter... #5
79.
Which of the following functions in the storage and elimination of feces?
a. small intestines
b. large intestines
C rectum
Mader - 008 Chapter... #9
80.
Which of the following is a muscular tube that passes foodstuffs from the mouth to the stomach?
a.
b.
c.
D
epiglottis
trachea
nasopharynx
esophagus
Mader - 008 Chapter... #11
81.
Muscles that encircle tubes and act as circular valves are called:
a.
B
c.
d.
frenula
sphincters
cannula
anastomoses
Mader - 008 Chapter... #14
82.
The innermost layer of the digestive tract that is a mucous secreting epithelium is:
A
b.
c.
d.
mucosa
submucosa
muscularis
serosa
Mader - 008 Chapter... #17
19
83.
The central opening of a tube is called:
a.
b.
C
d.
lacuna
laluna
lumen
lamella
Mader - 008 Chapter... #21
84.
The process of breathing in is called:
A inspiration
b. expiration
c. ventilation
Mader - 009 Chapter... #1
85.
The manner in which air both enters and exits the lungs is known as:
a.
b.
c.
d.
E
expiration
respiration
gas exchange
inspiration
ventilation
Mader - 009 Chapter... #5
86.
Respiratory gases diffuse through:
a.
b.
c.
D
e.
small arteries
small veins
arterioles
capillaries
lymph system
Mader - 009 Chapter... #6
87.
The Adam's apple is actually part of the:
a.
B
c.
d.
pharynx
larynx
glottis
vocal cords
Mader - 009 Chapter... #8
20
88.
How is voice pitch varied?
a.
b.
c.
D
e.
The glottis regulates the amount of air striking the vocal cords.
The vocal cords change shape
The vocal cords experience vibration changes due to air speed.
Muscles attached to the vocal cords create variations of tension.
Vocal cords do not have anything to do with pitch.
Mader - 009 Chapter... #15
89.
In humans, the lungs inflate because of:
a.
B
c.
d.
contraction of lung muscles
contraction of the diaphragm and rib muscles
relaxation of chest muscles
relaxation of chest and abdomen
Mader - 009 Chapter... #20
90.
Inspiration involves:
A
b.
c.
d.
e.
flattening of the diaphragm, expansion of the rib cage
raising of the diaphragm, relaxation of the rib cage
flattening of the rib cage only
raising of the rib cage only
None of the choices are correct.
Mader - 009 Chapter... #23
91.
The amount of air which enters and leaves the respiratory tract in one resting breath is called the:
a. residual volume
B tidal volume
c. vital capacity
Mader - 009 Chapter... #28
21
92.
The type of respiration in which ATP is produced within a living cell is called:
a.
b.
c.
D
breathing
external respiration
internal respiration
cellular respiration
Mader - 009 Chapter... #31
93.
The highest carbon dioxide concentration (partial pressure CO2) is found in the:
a.
b.
c.
D
external atmosphere
trachea
alveoli
tissue cells
Mader - 009 Chapter... #35
94.
Excretion primarily rids the body of:
a.
b.
c.
D
e.
excess fuels
undigested food
minerals
substances that were involved in metabolism
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #2
95.
The process of elimination of soluble metabolic wastes is called:
a.
B
c.
d.
e.
defecation
excretion
secretion
metabolism
None of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #1
22
96.
The urinary bladder:
a.
b.
C
d.
aids defecation
is where white blood cells attack bacteria
stores urine permitting controlled urination
regulates blood volume
Mader - 010 Chapter... #5
97.
How do the urinary and reproductive tract come into direct contact?
a.
B
c.
d.
In females the urethra joins with the vagina internally before exiting the body.
In males, semen and urine are transported through the urethra.
In females, the urethra empties directly into the uterus.
There is no direct contact between the urinary and reproductive tracts.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #11
98.
Urination is also called:
A
b.
c.
d.
micturition
erythropoietin
tubular secretion
urethritis
Mader - 010 Chapter... #14
99.
The glomerular filtrate that collects in the cavity of the glomerular capsule is:
a.
B
c.
d.
concentrated urine
similar to blood plasma minus blood proteins
used bile ready for excretion
glycogen and water
Mader - 010 Chapter... #27
100.
Hemodialysis may be used to:
a.
b.
c.
D
remove nitrogenous wastes from the blood
remove toxins from the blood
add bicarbonate ions to the blood
All of the choices are correct.
Mader - 010 Chapter... #59
23
24
Exam 2 Summary
Category
Mader - 006 Chapter...
# of
Questions
21
Mader - 007 Chapter...
17
Mader - 008 Chapter...
20
Mader - 009 Chapter...
19
Mader - 010 Chapter...
23
1