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1 2 WarmWarm-up During the Depression, Dorothea Lange and Paul Schuster Taylor documented documented the plight of displaced farm workers in a government report report entitled American Exodus: A Record of Human Erosion. Erosion. The brief quotes, like the quote from the woman pictured, were selected selected from interviews with farm workers during the 1930s. 1. How does the woman in the photograph describe her problems? The nation’s problems? 2. Based on the short quotes included here, how did farm workers view their plight during the 1930s? 3. Why do you think the federal report is subtitled A Record of Human Erosion? A Republican Decade TEKS 5(A), 15(C), 20(A) 3 Listen Coming out of World War I, Americans were focused on returning to to normal and improving the nation’s economy. Through three oneone-term presidencies, the country saw an economic boom, labor troubles, and the seeds of an economic disaster that loomed as the decade ended. 4 Listen 5 Listen 6 As the 1920s began Americans feared the spread of Russian communism, communism, oneparty control of people and land. Their fears encouraged a Red Scare, Scare, an intense fear of communism and other politically radical ideas. In a controversial controversial case, two Italian immigrants, Sacco and Vanzetti, Vanzetti, were tried and executed for the robbery and murder of a shoe factory guard. Many believe they were convicted only because because they were immigrants with radical beliefs. The Supreme Court made two important rulings in the 1920s. Justice Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., stated that the government had the right to silence free speech when there is a “clear and present danger.” In the second ruling the Supreme Court Court held that the Fourteenth Amendment protected the right of free speech against restriction by state governments as well as the federal government. Listen Labor unrest added to people’s fears, as many Americans thought Communists were behind strikes, riots, and bombings. Distrusting Democrats, people looked to Republicans. 7 Listen Republican President Warren G. Harding embraced the policy of isolationism, isolationism, avoiding political alliances with foreign countries. Harding proposed posed pro disarmament, disarmament, in which nations would voluntarily give up their weapons. 8 Listen Nativist feelings were strong in the 1920s and the government restricted immigration, placing a quota, quota, or numerical limit, on certain ethnic groups. 9 Listen When Calvin Coolidge became President in 1923, he instituted a laissezfaire policy toward businesses. This helped fuel the 1920s economic boom. boom. 1 10 A Republican Decade Begin Taking Notes 1. What events fueled the Red Scare of the early 1920s? 2. What conflicts led to the major labor strikes of 1919? 3. How did Republican leadership during the Harding and Coolidge presidencies presidencies shape the 1920s? 4. What issues influenced the presidential election of 1928? 11 The Red Scare Issues of concern in the presidential election of 1920: Emerging from the shadow of World War I Putting the economy back on track Republican Warren G. 12 Harding called for a return to “normalcy.” The Red Scare Many Americans hoped that Harding’s “normalcy” would protect them them from the spread of Russia’s communism, communism, an ideology openly hostile to capitalism and First Amendment freedoms. freedoms. Some Americans were concerned that the European immigrants entering entering the United States were Communists or other radicals. Events at home and abroad brought about a Red Scare, Scare, an intense fear of communism and other radical ideas. 13 14 15 16 Red Scare Events Labor Strikes The Harding Presidency The Coolidge Presidency Coolidge assumed the presidency after Harding died. He summed up a major theme of the Republican decade: “The chief business of the American people is business.” 17 The Coolidge Presidency Coolidge supported a laissezlaissez-faire approach to business. His economic policies helped fuel the economic boom of the 1920s. 18 The Coolidge Presidency Coolidge wanted peace and stability without without getting the United States too deeply involved in other nations. Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg worked with the French foreign foreign minister to create the KelloggKellogg-Briand Pact. Pact. Under this pact more than 60 nations agreed not to threaten each other with war. Unfortunately, there were no provisions for for enforcement, and many of the countries that had signed the pact would be at war with with each other by 1941. 19 2 20 A Republican Decade— Decade—Assessment How did the Red Scare contribute to America’s policy of isolationism isolationism in the 1920s? (A) (B) (C) (D) It made Americans more nativist. nativist. It caused a significant American military increase. It helped Americans form stronger relationships with nonnon-Communist countries. It decreased U.S. involvement in Latin America. What was the KelloggKellogg-Briand Pact? (A) (B) (C) (D) 21 A treaty outlawing war A treaty outlawing trade with Communist countries A treaty supporting war against Communist countries A treaty supporting international civil liberties A Republican Decade— Decade—Assessment How did the Red Scare contribute to America’s policy of isolationism isolationism in the 1920s? (A) (B) (C) (D) It made Americans more nativist. nativist. It caused a significant American military increase. It helped Americans form stronger relationships with nonnon-Communist countries. It decreased U.S. involvement in Latin America. What was the KelloggKellogg-Briand Pact? (A) (B) (C) (D) 22 A treaty outlawing war A treaty outlawing trade with Communist countries A treaty supporting war against Communist countries A treaty supporting international civil liberties Work Look over your notes from today. 1. Answer the 4 questions from today’s lecture. 2. In five sentences, write a brief summary of what we went over in class today. Use the highlighted key terms in your summary! Title the paper the same as the Lecture Notes. Make sure to put your Name, Name, Date, Date, and Period in the upper right hand corner of your page. Turn this in at the beginning of class tomorrow – put it in the handhand-in/collection basket. Worth 25 out of 100 points for this week’s Daily grade. 3 ERROR: undefined OFFENDING COMMAND: STACK: