Download 8_BodyTissues - Clinton Public Schools

Life Science:
Tissues of the Body
and
Body Systems
Tying it all Together
BODY TISSUES
*Tissue:
Group of cells with
similar structure &
function
*Four primary
types
 Muscle tissue
 Nervous tissue
 Connective
tissue
 Epithelium
4 Main Types of Body Tissues:
• 1. Muscle:
– composed of cells that can contract and relax to produce
movement
• 2. Nervous:
– ends signals throughout the body
• 3. Epithelial:
– (skin) covers and protects underlying tissue.
• 4. Connective:
– (blood, collagen) joins, supports, protects, nourishes, and
cushions organs
• Contracts, or shortens, making
body parts MOVE
– ONLY body tissue that can
contract
• MUST have energy
– produced by Mitochondria
• Made of LOOOOONG, parallel
fibers
• What gives the muscle fibers
messages to move?
– _________ & _________
•
•
•
•
•
Movement
Maintains posture
Produces heat
Facial expressions
Pumps blood
Muscle Tissue
 Main Function
to produce
MOVEMENT!!
 Three types
 1. Skeletal muscle
 2. Smooth muscle
 3. Cardiac muscle
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
1. SKELETAL MUSCLE
 called “Striated” due to its
“striped” look
 VOLUNTARY
 YOU tell it what to do
 Tires Easily
 Requires constant energy
 From Mitochondria
Figure 3.19b
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.65
2. SMOOTH MUSCLE
 INVOLUNTARY
 Does NOT tire easily
 Lines inside of many
INTERNAL organs
 NO visible striations
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Figure 3.19a
Slide 3.67
3. CARDIAC MUSCLE
 ONLY in the HEART
 Function  to pump blood
 Does NOT tire easily
• Characteristics of Both
Skeletal & Smooth:
– Striated like skeletal
muscle
– Involuntary like smooth
muscle
Figure 3.19c
• Skeletal Muscle
–
Muscle attached to bones
• Smooth Muscle
–
muscle of stomach, blood
vessels, & internal organs
• Cardiac Muscle
– Muscle of the heart
Nervous Tissue
• Carries messages
back and forth
between the brain
and ALL body parts
• Main components of
the nervous system
– brain
– spinal cord
– Nerves.
Nerve Cells
• Cell body 
– Main Structure
• Dendrites 
– branched “arms”
– pick up incoming chemical
information
• Axons 
– sends out chemical information
Nerve Cells
Epithelial Tissues
• ALWAYS faces a free surface
– Examples: Skin; lining of mouth
• No blood supply
• Regenerate easily
• Where is it?
– Body & Organ Covering
• Skin
– Body Lining:
• cavities, tubes, ducts
• blood vessels
Epithelial Tissues:
• Functions:
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Protection from injury & bacteria
Prevents loss of water
Protection from the Environment outside the body
Regulates Body Temperature
Eliminates Waste
Gathers Information about the Environment
Produces Vitamin D (Sunlight/UV Rays)
Classification of Epithelial Tissue
 Number of cell layers
 Shape of cells
 Simple – one laye
 Squamous – flattened
 Stratified – more than
one layer
 Cuboidal – cube-shaped
 Columnar – column-like
Connective Tissue
• Most abundant tissue
• Connective Tissue Functions:
– Connects and supports the body
• Tendons, ligaments, bone, etc.
– Protects & cushions organs and tissues
– Insulates (fat)
– Transports substances (blood).
Connective Tissue Types
 1. Bone
 Supports & protects
 Strong, hard
 RED BLOOD cell
production
 made in bone
marrow (center of
bone)
 Tree ring-like
appearance
Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
Slide 3.56
Connective Tissue Types
• 2. Cartilage
– More Flexible than Bone
– Gives Support:
• Nose
• Ears
• End of Joints
– Some, NOT all, will become bone.
Connective Tissue Types
• 3. Ligaments
 attach bone to bone
 4. Tendon
 attach bone to
muscle
Connective Tissue Types
• 5. Fat
 Functions:
 Insulates the body
 Protects some organs
 Stores energy
 Honeycomb or chicken
wire appearance
Connective Tissue Types
 6. Blood:
 Liquid
 Carries
substances
through the
body
Organization of Life
• A group of cells
work together to
perform a specific
job in the body then
they form tissues.
– Muscle cells working
together to form
muscle tissue
Organization of Life
• If two or more
tissues work
together to perform
a specific job in the
body then they form
an organ.
– Ex.
• Stomach, heart, skin
• Stems, roots
Organization of Life
• If two or more organs
work together to
perform a specific job
in the body then they
form an organ system.
– Ex. Digestive system,
Circulatory System,
Respiratory System.
(What does each of
these systems do in
your body?)
Organization of Life
• An organism is anything that can live
on its own.
– Unicellular: A single cell living on its own.
• Ex: ameba, paramecium
– Multicellular: Multiple cells that rely on
each other for survival. Most of the cells
in a multicellular organism cannot live
outside the body.
• Ex. Us
Tying it all Together
Muscular System
Function:
-Allows movement
Main Parts:
-Smooth
-Cardiac
-Skeletal
Circulatory System
Function:
-Carries food, water and
waste materials to & from
various parts of the body.
Main Parts:
-Heart
-Blood
-Veins
-Arteries
Skeletal System
Function:
-Supports the body and
keeps it in shape.
Main Parts:
-Bones
-Tendons
-Ligaments
-Cartilage
Digestive System
Function:
• Breaks down food into simpler
substances for the body to
absorb.
Main Parts:
-Mouth
-Esophagus
-Stomach
-Large & Small Intestine
-Rectum
Respiratory System
Function:
-Breathing*takes in oxygen needed by the body
*Removes Carbon Dioxide from body.
Main Parts:
-Nose
-Mouth
-Trachea
-Lungs