Download Ch09_Clicker_Questions - Saint Leo University Faculty

Chapter 9 Clickers
Conceptual
Integrated Science
Second Edition
Atoms and the
Periodic Table
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Any material that is made up of only one type of
atom is classified as
a)
b)
c)
d)
a substance.
molecularly pure.
an element.
an isotope.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Any material that is made up of only one type of
atom is classified as
a)
b)
c)
d)
a substance.
molecularly pure.
an element.
an isotope.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The periodic table lists
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than 100 elements.
more than 100 elements.
many more than 100 molecules.
thousands of ions, atoms, and molecules.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The periodic table lists
a)
b)
c)
d)
less than 100 elements.
more than 100 elements.
many more than 100 molecules.
thousands of ions, atoms, and molecules.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The most abundant element in the universe is
a)
b)
c)
d)
hydrogen.
helium.
oxygen.
iron.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The most abundant element in the universe is
a)
b)
c)
d)
hydrogen.
helium.
oxygen.
iron.
Comment:
The second most abundant element is helium.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The origin of the elements is
a)
b)
c)
d)
nature's secret.
Earth itself.
the Sun.
the stars.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The origin of the elements is
a)
b)
c)
d)
nature's secret.
Earth itself.
the Sun.
the stars.
Comment:
A small portion of elements on Earth originated in the
Sun. An even smaller portion are synthesized in
laboratories. Most atoms beyond hydrogen,
overwhelmingly, were manufactured in the stars. We
really are made of stardust!
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is known about atoms is that they are
a)
b)
c)
d)
perpetually moving.
tinier than the wavelengths of visible light.
recycling among innumerable forms.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is known about atoms is that they are
a)
b)
c)
d)
perpetually moving.
tinier than the wavelengths of visible light.
recycling among innumerable forms.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is known about atoms is that they are
a)
b)
c)
d)
mostly empty space.
net electrically charged building blocks of matter.
composed of still smaller molecules.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
What is known about atoms is that they are
a)
b)
c)
d)
mostly empty space.
net electrically charged building blocks of matter.
composed of still smaller molecules.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following particles are electrically
neutral?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Proton.
Neutron.
Electron.
All of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following particles are electrically
neutral?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Proton.
Neutron.
Electron.
All of the above.
Comment:
Sort of a no-brainer? Did any of your friends miss this
one?
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The symbol CO denotes
a)
b)
c)
d)
the element cobalt.
the combination of carbon and oxygen.
oxidized cobalt.
actually, all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The symbol CO denotes
a)
b)
c)
d)
the element cobalt.
the combination of carbon and oxygen.
oxidized cobalt.
actually, all of the above.
Explanation:
Only the first letter of an atomic symbol is capitalized.
For example, helium is He, lithium is Li, Co is cobalt,
and so forth. Oxygen is simply O and carbon C.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The atomic number of an element matches the
number of
a)
b)
c)
d)
protons in the nucleus of an atom.
electrons in an ion of the same atom.
neutrons in the nucleus.
nucleons in the nucleus.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The atomic number of an element matches the
number of
a)
b)
c)
d)
protons in the nucleus of an atom.
electrons in an ion of the same atom.
neutrons in the nucleus.
nucleons in the nucleus.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second
element in the periodic table. Rather than being
placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium
is placed on the far right of the table. Why?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hydrogen and helium repel one another.
The sizes of their atoms are vastly different.
They come from different sources.
Helium is most similar to other group 18 elements.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Helium, He, is a nonmetallic gas and the second
element in the periodic table. Rather than being
placed adjacent to hydrogen, H, however, helium
is placed on the far right of the table. Why?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Hydrogen and helium repel one another.
The sizes of their atoms are vastly different.
They come from different sources.
Helium is most similar to other group 18
elements.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The mass number of an element refers to the
number of
a)
b)
c)
d)
protons in its nucleus.
neutrons in its nucleus.
nucleons in its nucleus.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The mass number of an element refers to the
number of
a)
b)
c)
d)
protons in its nucleus.
neutrons in its nucleus.
nucleons in its nucleus.
all of the above.
Comment:
Nucleons include protons and neutrons. Atomic
number refers to the number of protons; mass number
refers to the number of nucleons (protons + neutrons).
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A nucleus with an atomic number of 10 and a
mass number of 22 must have
a)
b)
c)
d)
10 protons.
12 neutrons.
22 nucleons.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A nucleus with an atomic number of 10 and a
mass number of 22 must have
a)
b)
c)
d)
10 protons.
12 neutrons.
22 nucleons.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A nucleus with an atomic number of 30 and a
mass number of 65 must have
a)
b)
c)
d)
30 neutrons.
35 neutrons.
65 neutrons.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A nucleus with an atomic number of 30 and a
mass number of 65 must have
a)
b)
c)
d)
30 neutrons.
35 neutrons.
65 neutrons.
all of the above.
Comment:
Be sure to distinguish between neutron and nucleon. A
neutron is a nucleon, as is a proton.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
One atomic mass unit (amu) is defined to be the
mass of
a)
b)
c)
d)
a proton.
a neutron.
one-twelfth the mass of the C-12 atom.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
One atomic mass unit (amu) is defined to be the
mass of
a)
b)
c)
d)
a proton.
a neutron.
one-twelfth the mass of the C-12 atom.
all of the above.
Explanation:
One amu is slightly less than the mass of a proton and
a neutron. Twelve atomic mass units comprise the
exact mass of the C-12 atom.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many groups are there in the periodic table?
a)
b)
c)
d)
One.
Seven.
Eighteen.
Thirty-Six.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many groups are there in the periodic table?
a)
b)
c)
d)
One.
Seven.
Eighteen.
Thirty-Six.
Explanation:
A group is a set of elements with similar physical and
chemical properties. Elements within the same vertical
column in the periodic table are in a group (or
sometimes called a family).
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many periods are there in the periodic table?
a)
b)
c)
d)
One.
Seven.
Eighteen.
Thirty-Six.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
How many periods are there in the periodic table?
a)
b)
c)
d)
One.
Seven.
Eighteen.
Thirty-Six.
Explanation:
A period is a set of elements whose physical and
chemical properties gradually change with each
increase in atomic number. Elements within the same
horizontal row in the periodic table are in a single
period.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The lanthanides are much like a group of
elements because
a)
b)
c)
d)
they share similar properties.
their atomic numbers are consecutive.
they extend the height of the periodic table.
they are all metallic.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The lanthanides are much like a group of
elements because
a)
b)
c)
d)
they share similar properties.
their atomic numbers are consecutive.
they extend the height of the periodic table.
they are all metallic.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atoms are best described using
a)
b)
c)
d)
physical models.
conceptual models.
their microscopic images.
All of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Atoms are best described using
a)
b)
c)
d)
physical models.
conceptual models.
their microscopic images.
All of the above.
Explanation:
We can't see atoms in the usual sense because they
are so small—smaller than the wavelengths of visible
light. Atoms are better described using conceptual
models, which help us to understand their behavior.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Each spectral line in a spectrum represents
a)
b)
c)
d)
a pattern characteristic of the element.
one of the many colors comprising an element.
a specific frequency of light emitted by an element.
all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Each spectral line in a spectrum represents
a) a pattern characteristic of the element.
b) one of the many colors comprising an element.
c) a specific frequency of light emitted by an
element.
d) all of the above.
Explanation:
Many lines make up a pattern that is characteristic of
the element, so choice A doesn't fly. Interestingly, the
line shape of each spectral line is an image of a thin
slit in the spectroscope.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A quantum of light is called a
a)
b)
c)
d)
proton.
photon.
both of the above.
neither of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
A quantum of light is called a
a)
b)
c)
d)
proton.
photon.
both of the above.
neither of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the relationship E  , E stands for energy, and
 stands for
a) the smaller wavelengths of emitted light.
b) the frequency of vibration for the atom emitting the
energy.
c) wave frequency, as defined for sound, radio, and
light waves.
d) all of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
In the relationship E  , E stands for energy, and
 stands for
a) the smaller wavelengths of emitted light.
b) the frequency of vibration for the atom emitting the
energy.
c) wave frequency, as defined for sound, radio, and
light waves.
d) all of the above.
Comment:
Frequency is a property of all waves. Choice B deserves an
honorable mention because the frequency of a wave and
the frequency of the vibrating source are usually the same.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which has less energy per photon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Red light.
Green light.
Blue light.
All have the same.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which has less energy per photon?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Red light.
Green light.
Blue light.
All have the same.
Explanation:
In accord with E  , the lowest frequency light has the
lowest energy per photon.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these photons has the greatest energy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Infrared.
Visible.
Ultraviolet.
All have the same.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of these photons has the greatest energy?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Infrared.
Visible.
Ultraviolet.
All have the same.
Explanation:
In accord with E  , the highest frequency light has
the greatest energy per photon.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Excitation is the process whereby
a) electrons are boosted to higher energy levels in an
atom.
b) atoms are charged with light energy.
c) atoms are made to shake, rattle, and roll.
d) none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Excitation is the process whereby
a) electrons are boosted to higher energy levels in
an atom.
b) atoms are charged with light energy.
c) atoms are made to shake, rattle, and roll.
d) none of the above.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a quantum number?
a)
b)
c)
d)
0.01
0.1
1
1.5
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Which of the following is a quantum number?
a)
b)
c)
d)
0.01
0.1
1
1.5
Explanation:
Quantum numbers are integers only.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When we speak of de Broglie waves, we're
speaking of the wave nature of
a)
b)
c)
d)
transverse waves.
longitudinal waves.
particles.
quantum uncertainties.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
When we speak of de Broglie waves, we're
speaking of the wave nature of
a)
b)
c)
d)
transverse waves.
longitudinal waves.
particles.
quantum uncertainties.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
As to why electrons orbit in only certain orbits, a
compelling explanation views electrons as
a)
b)
c)
d)
particles that morph into waves.
standing waves.
planetary particles.
quantum particles.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
As to why electrons orbit in only certain orbits, a
compelling explanation views electrons as
a)
b)
c)
d)
particles that morph into waves.
standing waves.
planetary particles.
quantum particles.
Explanation:
Standing waves are stable and close in on themselves
in phase.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The shell model of the atom views electrons as
occupying
a)
b)
c)
d)
shells.
three-dimensional orbitals.
circular or elliptical orbits.
standing waves.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
The shell model of the atom views electrons as
occupying
a)
b)
c)
d)
shells.
three-dimensional orbitals.
circular or elliptical orbits.
standing waves.
Comment:
Straightforward enough?
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Electrons in the outermost shells of atoms are
called
a)
b)
c)
d)
outer electrons.
valence electrons.
chemical electrons.
wave electrons.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.
Electrons in the outermost shells of atoms are
called
a)
b)
c)
d)
outer electrons.
valence electrons.
chemical electrons.
wave electrons.
Comment:
Oops, the most straightforward answer here is A. So
looking beyond the straightforward has merit!
Knowledge wins.
© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.