Download Explosion of the Internet of Things: What does it mean for wireless

Explosion of the Internet of
Things: What does it mean
for wireless devices?
王德弘
Max Wang
Application Engineer
ATeam Scientific
Agenda
‒ IoT/M2M Introduction and Market Situation
‒ IoT/M2M Key Enabling Wireless Technologies
– Keysight solution
2
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?
Connecting billions of devices to the internet
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
3
IoT Market Predictions
50B devices will be connected by 2020 Cisco
>30B Connected devices by 2020
- ABI Research
95.5B connected devices by 2025
- HIS Technology
4
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
Wireless Connectivity for the Internet of Things
Smart
Home
- Security & alarm
- Light control
- HVAC control
- Remote control
- Door control
- Energy efficiency
- Entertainment
- Appliances
Wearables
- Health monitor
- Fitness trackers
- Smart watch
- Smart glasses
- Smart bands
- E-textiles
- Hearing-aid
Smart City
- Traffic management
- Water distribution
- Waste
management
- Security
- Lighting
- Environmental
monitoring
- Infrastructure
- Parking sensor
Industry
Automation
- Smart machine
- Surveillance
camera
- Factory
automation
- Asset tracking
- Logistics and
optimization of
supply chain
Smart Energy
- Generation &
trading
- Transmission
- Distribution &
metering
- Storage
- Services
Connected
Car
• V2V / V2X /V2I
communications
• eCall
• Infotainment
•Traffic control
• Navigation
• Autonomous
vehicles
•Maintenance
Wireless Connectivity
A single wireless technology can not accommodate the diverse need of IoT markets
5
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
Internet of Things Value Chain
“Things” with
Sensors/Actuators
Industrial
gateway
Industrial
Long range
connectivity
ex. LTE
“Data Center”
Big Data Analytic
Intelligent Computing
Server Cluster
Home
Wearables
Short range
connectivity
ex. ZigBee
Consumer
gateway
Cable/fibre
Internet
(service
provider)
Business
Applications
ex. Billing,
CRM
Short range
connectivity
ex. Bluetooth
Storage
Long range
connectivity
ex. LTE
Networking,
Security
Memory
Device Layer
Connectivity Layer
I/O
Data Center & App Layer
6
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies
Heterogeneous Mix of Technologies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bluetooth LE
ZigBee
Thread (6LoWPAN)
Z-Wave
ANT+
WirelessHART
ISA100.11a (6loWPAN)
EnOcean
Plus more
Wireless
Personal Area
Network
(WPAN)
Short range (10 – 100 meter)
Wireless Local
Area Network
(WLAN)
•
•
•
Red text – emerging IoT
technologies
802.11a/b/g/n/ac
802.11af (white space)
802.11ah & 802.11p
Wireless
Neighborhood
Area Network
(WNAN)
Short/Medium range (100 Medium range
1000 meter)
(~ 5 - 10 km)
• Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN)
• ZigBee-NAN (6LoWPAN)
Wireless
Wide Area
Network
(WWAN)
Long range
(up to 100 km)
Note 1: No stringent definition of what is considered WPAN, WLAN, WWAN.
Note 2: What is shown is not a complete list of radio formats
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
• Cellular
• 2G/3G/4G
• LTE-MTC
• 5G in the future
• Low Power Wide Area
(LPWAN)
• SIGFOX
• LoRa
• Telensa
• PTC
• Plus more
7
IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies
Heterogeneous Mix of Technologies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bluetooth LE
ZigBee
Thread (6LoWPAN)
Z-Wave
ANT+
WirelessHART
ISA100.11a (6loWPAN)
EnOcean
Plus more
Wireless
Personal Area
Network
(WPAN)
Short range (10 – 100 meter)
Wireless Local
Area Network
(WLAN)
•
•
•
Red text – emerging IoT
technologies
802.11a/b/g/n/ac
802.11af (white space)
802.11ah & 802.11p
Wireless
Neighborhood
Area Network
(WNAN)
Short/Medium range (100 Medium range
1000 meter)
(~ 5 - 10 km)
• Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN)
• ZigBee-NAN (6LoWPAN)
Wireless
Wide Area
Network
(WWAN)
Long range
(up to 100 km)
Note 1: No stringent definition of what is considered WPAN, WLAN, WWAN.
Note 2: What is shown is not a complete list of radio formats
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
• Cellular
• 2G/3G/4G
• LTE-MTC
• 5G in the future
• Low Power Wide Area
(LPWAN)
• SIGFOX
• LoRa
• Telensa
• PTC
• Plus more
8
Wireless Standards
WLAN
IEEE 802.11
ISA100.11a
IEEE 802.15.4
IEEE 802.11
WirelessHART
IEEE 802.15.4
ZigBee
Thread
PHY
IEEE 802.15.4
MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
Transport
IEEE 802.15.4
Network
Bluetooth/Bluetooth Low Energy
Application Layer
IEEE 802 defines standards, does not define a certification process or test
plans, that is done by the individual standards/working groups
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
9
Bluetooth® Standard Evolution
1999
2003
2007
2009
•Introduction of EDR
•EDR Up to 2.1 Mbps
V1.2
•Faster connection/ discovery
•Use AFH
•Up to 721 kbps
2010
2013
V4.1
V3.0 + HS
V2.0 + EDR
V1.0
•Many problems
•Difficult making
products
interoperable
2004
•Coexist with 4G
•Smart connectivity
•Data transfer
improvement
•Alternate MAC/PHY
•Unicast connectionless data
•Enhanced power control
•HS up to 24 Mbps
V4.0
V2.1 + EDR
•SSP, EIR
•power consumption
optimization
2014
V4.2
•For IoT (Support
IPv6/6LoWPAN)
•High privacy
•Data throughput
increase (10x packet
capacity increase)
•Adoption of
Bluetooth LE
•LE up to 260 kbps
•Including classic, LE and HS
For dual-mode:
LE + Legacy BT
Two New Trademarks
for Certified BT Devices
For single-mode: LE
only
Leverage Wear Device and Handheld Experience to IoT.
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
10
IoT Enabling Technologies Bluetooth LE
Why LE is Faster and Lower Energy?
Faster
Lower energy
Fewer advertising channels
• Reduce the time to scan over advertising
channels
• 1.4ms totally for scanning and discovery , 17
times faster than classic
• No need to maintain link
• Shorter duty cycle (10% of BR/EDR)
All “fasters” contribute to saving power
• Faster connection/discovery
• No need to maintain link
• Shorter duty cycle (10% of BR/EDR)
Simplicity
• Simplified protocol ensures 6ms to send data
(50 times faster than classic)
• all information about the connection is
contained in one single compact packet, no need
to negotiate again after the link established
•Optimization on acknowledgement scheme to
reduce duty cycle
•Shortened packet overhead
Lower maximum power
• +10 dBm (+20 dBm at BR/EDR)
Lower cost
Simplicity
Lower peak power
•Ppeak ≤ (Pavg + 3 dB)
Dual mode: add-on feature for classic Bluetooth
®
LE Test Packet Format Changes in 4.2
Maximum payload length extended from 37 to 255 octets
LE Test packet format in Core 4.2
(8 bits)
LE Test packet format in Core 4.1
(6 bits)
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
Bluetooth Low Energy Vs. Classic
®
Technical Specification
Bluetooth Low Energy
Classic Bluetooth (BR/EDR/HS)
Radio frequency
2400 – 2483.5 MHz
2400 – 2483.5 MHz
Modulation Technique
Frequency Hopping
Frequency Hopping
Modulation Scheme/Index
GFSK / 0.5
GFSK / (0.28- 0.35)
Number of Channels
40
79
Channel spacing
2 MHz
1 MHz
Range
~10 - 100m
~10 - 100m
Over the air data rate
1 Mbps
1/2/3 Mbps
Nodes/Active Slaves
Unlimited ( 10-20 is practical #)
128 bit AES and application layer user
defined
7
56 bit E0 (classic)/128 bit AES (AMP) and
applications layer user defined
Relaxed to save power and enable higher
mod. index
Adaptive fast frequency
hopping, FEC, fast ACK
Security
Robustness
Latency
(from a non-connected state)
Network Topology
< 3 ms
100 ms
Star-bus (no mesh)
Piconet (with Scatternet)
Power consumption
0.01 to 0.5W(use case dependent)
1 W as the reference
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
13
IEEE 802.15.4
Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LoWPAN)
•
Important standard for home networking,
industrial control and building automation
•
Deals with low data rate, long battery life
(months or even years) and very low
complexity
–
•
•
Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps
Specifies PHY and MAC layers for LoWPAN
networks
–
Upper Layer Stack
Ex. ZigBee, THREAD, WirelessHART, ISA100.11a
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
868/915 MHz PHY
IEEE 802.15.4
2.4 GHz PHY
Upper layers for WPAN are not developed by
IEEE 802.15 working group
–
Standards or working groups, such as ZigBee
Alliance, implement upper layers to enable
multi-vendor interoperable solutions
14
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
IoT Key Enabling Technologies
ZigBee
Low power, low data rate, mesh network
•
Conceived in 1998, first standardized in
2003 and revised multiple times, latest in
2012 (ZigBee PRO)
•
Based on IEEE 802.15.4 physical and MAC
layers operating in sub-GHz and 2.4GHz
frequency bands
•
Upper Layer Stack
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
IEEE 802.15.4
868/915 MHz PHY
Transmission distances range from 10 to
100 meters - depending on power output
and environmental characteristics
IEEE 802.15.4
2.4 GHz PHY
Target Applications:
Experience on Smart Home Applications
15
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
ZigBee Applications
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© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
ZigBee Standards
ZigBee RF4CE
(LoWPAN)
Application
Standard
Network
ZigBee
Remote
Control
ZigBee
Input
Device
ZigBee PRO
(LoWPAN)
ZigBee
Building
Automation
ZigBee
ZigBee Home ZigBee Light ZigBee Retail ZigBee Smart
Services
Energy 1.x
Healthcare Automation
Link
ZigBee RF4CE
ZigBee PRO
ZigBee IP
IPv6 based
(6LoWPAN)
ZigBee
Telecom
Services
ZigBee Smart Energy
2.0
ZigBee IP
MAC
IEEE 802.15.4-MAC
IEEE 802.15.4 MAC
PHY
IEEE 802.15.4 – 2003
Sub-GHz bands (region specific)
2.4 GHz (worldwide)
IEEE 802.15.4 2006
2.4 GHz
RF4CE (Radio Frequency for Consumer Electronics)
New ZigBee Standard Being Drafted:
• ZigBee Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) – used for smart utility
• ZigBee 3.0 - unification of ZigBee wireless standards into a single standard
• Based on IEEE 802.15.4 MAC and PHY at 2.4 GHz frequency and
• Based on ZigBee PRO networking
• Currently undergoing testing – expected to be ratified in Q4, 2015
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
17
IoT Key Enabling Technologies
THREAD
•
•
•
Thread Group launched in July 2014
Thread is backed by industry-leading
companies including Nest Labs (Google
Purchased), ARM, Big Ass Fans, Freescale,
Samsung, Silicon Labs and Yale Security
Main competitor to ZigBee for home
automation
–
•
Collection of existing IEEE and IETF
standards:
–
•
Appliances, access control, climate control,
lighting, energy management etc..
IEEE 802.15.4-2006 PHY/MAC operating in 2.4
GHz
Requires only software update to run on
existing IEEE 802.15.4 based silicon such as
2.4 GHz version of ZigBee
Thread Protocol Stack
Ref:www.threadgroup.org
18
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
Thread Features
•
•
•
POWERFUL TECHNOLOGY DESIGNED FOR THE
HOME: design special for Home. Open standard &
IPv6 6LoWPAN technology. Based on a robust mesh
network with no single point of failure.
SIMPLE, SECURE, SCALABLE: scale 250+ device in
single network.
BATTERY FRIENDLY DESIGN: allow years of
operation even on a single AA battery.
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
IoT for Home Automation
Technology Tradeoffs for Home Automation Application
Pros:
Pros:
Pros:
Pros:
• Low energy
• Available on mobile
devices (Already
• Well established
standards
• Available on mobile
devices
• Good range
• IPv6 based
• Low energy
• Well established
standards
• Mesh network
• Good range
•
•
•
•
Cons:
Cons:
Cons:
• Star network
• Not low energy –
new standard
coming in 2016
(802.11ah)
• Not IP based for
home automation
supported on IOS and
Android)
• IPv6 based
Cons:
• Star network
• Short range
• New technology –
not well established
compared to ZigBee
(ZigBee IP for Smart
Energy 2.0 is IP based)
• Not available on
mobile phones/
tablets
Low energy
Mesh network
Good range
IPv6 based
• Not well established
compared to ZigBee
• Not available on
mobile phones/
tablets
20
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
IoT Key Enabling Technologies
Wireless Industrial Automation
WirelessHART
HART= Highway Addressable Remote Transducer
ISA-100.11a
ISA= International Society of Automation
– Wired HART is a global technology today
•
– WirelessHART enables industrial wireless
sensor network communications based on
wired HART principle
ISA100.11a used for non-critical monitoring,
alerting and control applications
•
•
PHY/MAC: IEEE 802.15.4-2006 2.4 GHz
– PHY/MAC: IEEE 802.15.4-2006 2.4GHz
Data Link Layer (DLL): optimized for
collision- free and deterministic
communications
– Data Link Layer (DLL): optimized for
collision- free and deterministic
communications:
– Frequency hopping, time slotted
(variable length)
– Collision avoidance – uses “clear
channel assessment”(CCA) also known
as “listen before talk” (LBT)
• Frequency hopping, time slotted (10 ms)
•
TDMA features
Optional collision avoidance - “clear
channel assessment”(CCA) also known as
“listen before talk” (LBT)
•
Network Layer: based on 6LoWPAN
– Network Layer: Not IP based. Needs
gateway to connect to the internet
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
21
IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies
Heterogeneous Mix of Technologies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bluetooth LE
ZigBee
Thread (6LoWPAN)
Z-Wave
ANT+
WirelessHART
ISA100.11a (6loWPAN)
EnOcean
Plus more
Wireless
Personal Area
Network
(WPAN)
Short range (10 – 100 meter)
Wireless Local
Area Network
(WLAN)
•
•
•
Red text – emerging IoT
technologies
802.11a/b/g/n/ac
802.11af (white space)
802.11ah & 802.11p
Wireless
Neighborhood
Area Network
(WNAN)
Short/Medium range (100 Medium range
1000 meter)
(~ 5 - 10 km)
• Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN)
• ZigBee-NAN (6LoWPAN)
Wireless
Wide Area
Network
(WWAN)
Long range
(up to 100 km)
Note 1: No stringent definition of what is considered WPAN, WLAN, WWAN.
Note 2: What is shown is not a complete list of radio formats
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
• Cellular
• 2G/3G/4G
• LTE-MTC
• 5G in the future
• Low Power Wide Area
(LPWAN)
• SIGFOX
• LoRa
• Telensa
• PTC
• Plus more
22
IEEE 802.11 Standards Evolution
WLAN
IEEE 802.11
802.111997
2 Mbps,
DSSS,
FHSS
802.11b
11 Mbps,
CCK, DSSS
802.11a
54 Mbps,
OFDM, 5
GHz
802.11n
600 Mbps
with 4x4
MIMO, 20/40
MHz BW, 2.4
or 5 GHz
802.11g
54 Mbps,
OFDM, 2.4
GHz
Wireless
Gigabit
(WiGig)
802.11p
27 Mbps, 10
MHz BW, 5.9
GHz
Wireless Access
for Vehicular
Environment
(WAVE/DSRC)
802.11ah
Up to 4 MHz
(16 MHz optional)
BW
Below 1 GHz
802.11af
TVWS
TV White
Spaces
Low power, low
rate, long range
applications
802.11ac
Very High Throughput, <6 GHz
802.11ad
Very High Throughput, 60 GHz
DSRC = Dedicated Short-Range Communications
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
23
IoT Enabling Technologies
IEEE 802.11ah – Middle 2016
•
•
IEEE Task Group 802.11ah is chartered to define an OFDM PHY operating
in the license-exempt bands below 1 GHz, Target markets wireless
connectivity for the Internet of things
–
License-exempt bands below 1 GHz
–
Narrower bandwidth: 1/2/4/8/16MHz
–
PHY layer & modulation scheme: based on 802.11ac
–
Transmission range up to 1 km
–
Data rates > 100 kbit/s
–
Low power consumption required for battery operated devices
Target use cases
11a/g/n/ac AP
–
Large scale low power sensor networks and smart meter
–
Video surveillance, wearable consumer electronics
–
Backhaul for aggregated sensor and meter data
–
Outdoor Wi-Fi for cellular traffic offloading
11ah AP
Indoor
24
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
IEEE 802.11ah Global Channelization
Ref: IEEE 802.11ah draft standard
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
2
5
IoT Enabling Technologies
IEEE 802.11ah Bandwidth and Data Rates
11ah Bandwidth Modes
Mandatory &
Globally
Interoperable
modes optimized
for sensor
networking
Optional higher
data rate modes for
extended range
WLAN
1
MHz
Extended range
150kbps – 4Mbps
2 MHz
650kbps – 7.8Mbps
4 MHz
1.35Mbps – 18Mbps
8 MHz
2.9Mbps – 39Mbps
16 MHz
5.8Mbps – 78Mbps
High data rates
Minimum 11n/ac bandwidth
20 MHz
6.5Mbps – 78Mbps
26
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
802.11ah Use Case1: Indoor Low Power Sensors
• Extended range
‒ Reach garage, backyard, basement, attic
‒ 1 MHz and 2 MHz mandatory modes
• Battery operated sensors
‒ No power amplifiers
• Ultra-low power consumption
• Optimized for small packet size
• Multi-year battery life
• Long sleep time
• Burst traffic
• IP connectivity
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
802.11ah Use Case2: Backhaul Sensors and Meter Data
•
Backhaul aggregation of Smart Grid Meter data
•
Backhaul aggregation of Industrial Sensor data
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
802.11ah Use Case3: Extended Range Wi-Fi
•
Extended range Wi-Fi hotspots
•
Extended range for cellular traffic offloading
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
The PHY Difference Between 802.11ac and 802.11ah
Source: Draft Amendment Proposed by 802.11 TGah Working Group
Feature
802.11ac
802.11ah
Channel bandwidth
20/40/80/160MHz
1/2/4/8/16MHz
FFT size
64/128/256/512
32/64/128/256/512
Data subcarriers /
52/108/234/468
24/52/108/234/468
Pilot Sub-carriers
4/6/8/16
2/4/6/8/16
Pilot Type
Fixed pilot
Fixed pilot or Traveling pilot*
Subcarrier spacing
312.5KHz
31.25KHz
OFDM symbol duration
4.0/3.6us
40/36us
Guard interval
0.4/0.8/1.6us
4/8/16us
Preamble duration
16us
320us(1M BW)/160us
Modulation types
BPSK/QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM
BPSK/QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM
Coding rates
1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
1/2 rep2, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
MCS
0-9
MCS0-9, 10
Transmission Mode
VHT mode, non-HT duplicate Mode
Normal Mode S1G, 1 MHz Duplicate Mode,
2 MHz Duplicate Mode
Duplicated PPDU
Non-HT PPDU
S1G_DUP_1M, S1G_DUP_2M
MIMO
Up to 8
Up to 4
Multi-user
Up to 4
Up to 4, only available in S1G_LONG PPDU
Beamforming
Support
Support
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
IoT Key Enabling Technologies
•
•
•
•
IEEE 802.11p
Adds a vehicular communication system to IEEE 802.11 WLAN
standard -> Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment
(WAVE)
Supports low latency, Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) and Vehicleto-Infrastructure (V2X) communication
–
Vehicle broadcasts its position and velocity and receives broadcasts of neighboring road users
–
Uses channels of 10MHz bandwidth in the 5.9GHz band (5.850-5.925 GHz)
–
Developed based on 802.11a but targets for reliable connection
Main uses:
–
Vehicle safety services
–
Commerce transactions via cars
–
Toll collection
–
Traffic management
USA, Europe, China, Japan, Korean and Singapore are
working towards hard/soft mandate or MOU for dedicated
short range communication (DSRC) installation.
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
31
IoT Enabling Technologies
IEEE 802.11p
•
Frequency: 5.9 GHz (5.85-5.925 GHz)
•
1 control and 6 service channels with 10MHz bandwidth
•
802.11p vs. 802.11a : Targets the reliable connection rather than higher data rates
Physical parameters comparison between 802.11a and 802.11p standards
Parameters
802.11a
802.11p
Bit Rate (Mbps)
6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54
3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 27
Modulation Type
BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Code Rate
1/2, 2/3, 3/4
1/2, 2/3, 3/4
# of Subcarriers
52
52
Symbol duration
4 µs
8 µs
Guard Time
0.8 µs
1.6 µs
FFT period
3.2 µs
6.4 µs
Preamble duration
16 µs
32 µs
Subcarrier Spacing
312.5 kHz
156.25 kHz
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
32
802.11p Power Classification Class A-D
And RF Transmitter Test Requirement - SEM
802.11p Class A-D power classification
Power class
Class A
Max. output
(dBm)
0
Class B
Class C
Class D
10
20
28.8
802.11p SEM for 10M signal BW
For power Class A-D
power
802.11p 10 MHz SEM definition
Source: IEEE Std 802.11 TM- 2012
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies
Heterogeneous Mix of Technologies
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Bluetooth LE
ZigBee
Thread (6LoWPAN)
Z-Wave
ANT+
WirelessHART
ISA100.11a (6loWPAN)
EnOcean
Plus more
Wireless
Personal Area
Network
(WPAN)
Short range (10 – 100 meter)
Wireless Local
Area Network
(WLAN)
•
•
•
Red text – emerging IoT
technologies
802.11a/b/g/n/ac
802.11af (white space)
802.11ah & 802.11p
Wireless
Neighborhood
Area Network
(WNAN)
Short/Medium range (100 Medium range
1000 meter)
(~ 5 - 10 km)
• Wi-SUN (6LoWPAN)
• ZigBee-NAN (6LoWPAN)
Wireless
Wide Area
Network
(WWAN)
Long range
(up to 100 km)
Note 1: No stringent definition of what is considered WPAN, WLAN, WWAN.
Note 2: What is shown is not a complete list of radio formats
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
• Cellular
• 2G/3G/4G
• LTE-MTC
• 5G in the future
• Low Power Wide Area
(LPWAN)
• SIGFOX
• LoRa
• Telensa
• PTC
• Plus more
34
Smart Energy Systems Overview
Wi-SUN (Wireless Smart Utility Network)
Field-Area Network
Generation
Wi-SUN
Substation
Transmission
Distribution
Data
Concentrator
Neighborhood
Area Network
Smart
Meter
Home
© 2015 ATEAM SCIENTIFIC
35