Download Modern World History Focus Questions 2009

Modern World History Focus Questions 2009-2010
Directions:
1. Before you begin reading each section, read the focus questions for that section, and
read the headings, pictures, graphs, captions, key terms, etc. in that section.
2. Type the title of the section and the chapter and section number.
3. Type each question. In parentheses beside each question, re-phrase each question in
your own words.
4. Take notes on each question.
5. Type a thorough answer to each question. Type in complete sentences.
2.1
The Ottomans Build a Vast Empire
1.Describe the origins of the Ottoman Empire.
2.Describe the expansion of Ottoman power under Mehmet II and Selim the Grim.
3.Identify the cultural and political achievement of Sulieman the Lawgiver.
4.Summarize the causes of the Ottoman Empire’s slow decline.
2.2
Case Study: The Safavid Empire
1.Explain how cultural blending results in new cultures.
2.Summarize the rise and fall of the Safavids.
2.3
The Mughals Establish an Empire in India
1.Describe the rise of the Mughal empire.
2.Analyze the policies and achievements of Akbar.
3.List the triumphs and failures of Akbar’s successors.
3.2
China Rejects European Outreach
1.Identify the successes of the early Ming emperors.
2.Describe China and Korea under the Qing dynasty.
3.Describe daily life in Ming and Qing China.
3.3
Japan Limits Western Contacts
1. Summarize how three powerful daimyo succeeded in unifying feudal Japan.
2. Describe Japanese society and culture during the Tokugawa Shogunate.
3. Explain how Japan’s policies toward Europeans changed.
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1.1
Italy: Birthplace of the Renaissance
1. Explain why the Renaissance began in Italy.
2. Describe the values and ideas for which the Renaissance is known.
3. Describe the artistic breakthroughs and achievements of Renaissance artists.
4. Summarize the literary works and techniques of key Renaissance writers.
1.2
The Northern Renaissance
1. Explain the origins and characteristics of the Northern Renaissance.
2. How did the Renaissance impact German and Flemish painters?
3. Describe the accomplishments and contributions of key Renaissance writers.
4. Explain how the printing press spread Renaissance ideas.
1.3
Luther Starts the Reformation
1. Describe the historical forces and religious issues that sparked the Reformation.
2. Explain the reform efforts of John Wycliffe and John Huss.
3. Describe Martin Luther’s role in the religious movement to reform the Catholic Church.
4. Explain the impact of Luther’s religious revolt.
5. Explain how the Protestant faith spread to England during the reign of Henry VIII.
6. Explain how the Protestant faith further developed in England during the reign of Elizabeth I.
4.1
Spanish Conquest in the Americas
1. Describe the Spanish conquest of the Americas beginning with Columbus.
2. Describe the conquest of the Aztec and Inca by the Spanish.
3. Identify the effects of Spanish colonization on the Americas.
4.2
Competing Claims in North America
1. Identify the French, English, and Dutch colonial activities in North America.
2. Summarize competing claims in North America.
3. Describe the Native American responses to the land claims made by European nations.
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4.3
The Atlantic Slave Trade
1. Summarize the evolution of the Atlantic slave trade.
2. Describe the triangular trade and the middle passage.
3. Describe the life of slaves in the colonies.
4. Identify the consequences of the Atlantic slave trade.
4.4
The Columbian Exchange and Global Trade
1. Explain the Columbian Exchange.
2. Identify the different aspects of the Commercial Revolution.
6.1
The Scientific Revolution
1. Describe the circumstances that led to the Scientific Revolution.
2. Summarize the development of the heliocentric theory and explain why it led to conflict.
3. Describe the scientific method and show how Bacon and Descartes advanced it.
4. Explain Newton’s law of gravity.
5. Describe the importance of the scientific method in different fields.
5.1
Spain’s Empire and European Absolutism
1. Describe Spanish power under Philip II.
2. Explain the weaknesses in the Spanish Empire.
3. Describe the birth of the Netherlands.
4. Explain the origins of absolute monarchy.
5.2
France’s Ultimate Monarch
1. Describe religious and political conflicts in France.
2. Explain Louis XIV’s policies.
3. Describe the style of the French court.
4. Identify causes and effects of French wars.
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5.3
Central European Monarchs Clash
1. Describe the Thirty Year’s War.
2. Explain the growth of central European kingdoms.
3. Identify the conflicts between Prussia and Austria.
5.4
Russian Czars Increase Power
1. Explain how Ivan III and later Russian rulers began to build a stronger Russian state.
2. Describe the differences between Russia and western Europe and the emerging of Peter the Great.
3. Describe Peter’s reforms and their impact on Russia.
5.5
Parliament Limits the English Monarchy
1. Identify conflicts between English rulers and Parliament.
2. Explain the causes and results of the English Civil War.
3. Describe the Restoration and Glorious Revolution.
4. Explain the political changes under William and Mary.
6.2
The Enlightenment in Europe
1. Explain Hobbe’s and Locke’s views on government.
2. List the other important Enlightenment philosophers and concepts.
3. Describe women’s contributions to the Enlightenment.
4. Explain the impact of the Enlightenment on Western civilization.
6.3
The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas
1. Explain how Enlightenment ideas spread throughout Europe.
2. Describe changes in art, music, and literature during the Enlightenment.
3. Explain how Enlightenment ideas reformed monarchies in Prussia, Austria, and Russia.
6.4
American Revolution: The Birthplace of a Republic
1. Describe the American colonies in the late 1700s.
2. List the events that led to the American Revolution.
3. Explain the Enlightenment’s influence on American government.
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8.4
Revolutions in the Arts
1. Define Romanticism and give examples of romantic literature and music.
2. Explain the shift to realism and give examples of realistic art and literature.
7.1
Revolution Threatens the French King
1. Describe the three estates of the Old Regime.
2. Summarize the factors that led up to the French Revolution.
3. Describe the creation of the National Assembly and the storming of the Bastille.
4. Explain the importance of the Great Fear and the women’s march on Versailles.
7.2
Revolution Brings Reform and Terror
1. Explain the main points of the Declaration of the Rights of Man.
2. Summarize the positions of the three factions that tried to govern France.
3. Explain how the war with Austria and the execution of the king affected the Revolution.
4. Describe the events of the Reign of Terror.
5. Explain what happened after the Terror came to an end.
7.3
Napoleon Forges an Empire
1. Explain how Napoleon Bonaparte came to power in France.
2. Summarize the steps Napoleon took to restore order to France.
3. Describe the extent and weaknesses of Napoleon’s empire.
7.4
Napoleon’s Empire Collapses
1. Explain Napoleon’s tactical and political mistakes.
2. Summarize Napoleon’s defeat, comeback, and final downfall.
7.5
The Congress of Vienna Convenes
1. Explain the importance of the decisions made at the Congress of Vienna.
2. Explain how the ideas of the French Revolution continued to influence people in Europe.
8.2
Revolutions Disrupt Europe
1. Define nationalism and describe how the nationalist spirit affected the Balkans.
2. Describe how revolutions and reforms affected Europe, especially France and Russia.
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8.3
Nationalism Case Studies: Italy and Germany
1. Identify the links that bind people into a nation-state.
2. Explain how nationalism weakened empires.
3. Summarize how Cavour unified Italy.
4. Describe how Prussia led the unification of Germany.
5. Explain the shift in the balance of power among nations.
8.1
Latin American Peoples Win Independence
1. Describe how Haiti achieved independence.
2. Identify influences in Latin America’s fight for freedom.
3. Describe how Bolivar and San Martin ended Spanish rule.
4. Explain the role that Native Americans and mestizos played in achieving independence.
5. Explain how Brazil’s liberation differed from other countries’.
6. Describe the negative effects of independence.
19.1
Democracy Case Study: Latin American Democracies
1. Identify key building blocks of democracy.
2. Describe Brazil’s efforts to build democracy.
3. Analyze the struggle for democracy in Mexico.
4. Describe key events in postwar Argentina.
9.1
The Beginnings of Industrialization
1. Explain the beginnings of industrialization in Britain.
2. Describe key inventions that furthered the Industrial Revolution.
9.3
Industrialization Spreads
1. Describe industrial growth in the United States.
2. Explain the spread of industry in Europe.
3. Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world.
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9.2
Industrialization Case Study: Manchester
1. Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization.
2. Explain how Manchester exemplified the new industrial city.
9.4
An Age of Reforms
1. Describe the ideas of thinkers that supported industrialization.
2. Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism.
3. Describe unionization and legislative reform.
4. Describe other reform movements of the 1800s.
11.1
Imperialism Divide Africa
1. Describe Africa before European domination.
2. Summarize the motives of European colonizers.
3. Identify the factors allowing the Europeans to control Africa.
4. Identify the three groups that clashed in South Africa.
11.2
Imperialism Case Study: Nigeria
1. Explain different forms of colonial control.
2. Explain the patterns of imperialist management.
3. Describe British rule in Nigeria.
4. Summarize African resistance movements.
5. Analyze the effects of colonialism.
11.4
British Imperialism in India
1. Summarize the British takeover of India.
2. Identify positive and negative features of British colonialism in India.
3. Describe early nationalist movements in India.
11.5
Western Powers Rule Southeast Asia
1. Summarize the acquisition of European colonies in Southeast Asia.
2. Describe how Siam remained independent.
3. Summarize U.S. acquisition of the Philippines and Hawaii.
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12.3
U.S. Economic Imperialism in Latin America
1. Explain how Latin America’s colonial legacy and political instability shaped its history after
independence.
2. Explain how foreign powers influenced the growth of Latin American economies. Give specific
examples.
3. Describe U.S. intervention in Latin America.
13.1
The Stage is Set for War
1. Identify the political and military forces that took root in Europe in the late 1800s.
2. List the countries that composed the Triple Alliance and the Triple Entente.
3. Summarize the events that set World War I in motion.
13.2
War Consumes Europe
1. Describe the reaction to Austria’s declaration of war.
2. Summarize the military events on the Western Front.
3. Explain the progression of the war on the Eastern Front.
13.3
War Affects the World
1. Describe the escalation of World War I.
2. Identify how governments established wartime economies.
3. Summarize how the Allies pushed to victory.
13.4
A Flawed Peace
1. List the main points of the Treaty of Versailles.
2. Describe the effects of World War I on Western society.
15.2
A Global Depression
1. Describe the impact of World War I on postwar Europe.
2. Summarize the causes of the Great Depression.
3. Explain how the United States and Europe reacted to the Depression.
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16.1
Hitler’s Lightning War
1. Summarize events leading to all-out war in Europe.
2. Describe the fall of France and the Battle of Britain.
3. Explain the conflict in the Mediterranean and on the Eastern Front.
4. Explain the importance of United States’ aid to the Allies.
16.2
Japan Strikes in the Pacific
1. Explain how Japanese expansionism led to war with the Allies in Asia.
2. Explain the importance of the Allies’ strategy in turning the tide of war against Japan.
16.3
The Holocaust
1. Trace the course of the Nazis’ persecution of the Jews. (Describe how the persecution changed and
progressed over time.)
2. Describe the results of the Nazis’ “Final Solution.”
16.4
The Allies are Victorious
1. Describe the Allied plan for victory.
2. Explain the Allied strategy on two fronts.
3. Explain how civilians on the Allied home fronts contributed to the war effort.
4. Summarize events that led to the surrender of Germany.
5. Explain the importance of the atom bomb in the Allied victory over Japan.
16.5
The Devastation of Europe and Japan
1. Describe the devastation of Europe following the war.
2. Identify some of the political consequences of the Allied victory in postwar Europe.
3. Explain how defeat affected political and civic life in Japan.
4. Give examples of ways in which Japan changed under United States’ occupation.
17.1
Two Superpowers Face Off
1. Explain the U.S.-Soviet split.
2. Trace how the Soviets came to dominate Eastern Europe. (Describe the events that led to Soviet
domination of Eastern Europe.)
3. Describe how U.S. containment of Communist expansion.
4. Define and describe the Cold War.
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17.2
Communists Triumph in China
1. Analyze the civil war between the Nationalists and the Communists in China.
2. Explain how China split into two nations.
3. Describe how Mao’s Marxist regime transformed China.
17.3
War in Korea and Vietnam
1. Trace the course and consequences of the Korean War. (Describe the major events and consequences
of the Korean War.)
2. Summarize the causes and events of the Vietnam War and describe its aftermath.
17.4
Cold War Around the World
1. Explain how the Cold War affected developing nations.
2. Describe superpower confrontations in Latin America after World War II.
3. Identify Cold War conflicts in the Middle East.
17.5
The Cold War Thaws
1. Analyze Soviet domination of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union-China split.
2. Explain the origins of détente and its effects on the Cold War.
3. Describe the renewal of Cold War tensions in the 1980s.
19.3
Gorbachev Moves Toward Democracy
1. List Soviet reforms under Mikhail Gorbachev.
2. Explain reforms in Poland and Hungary.
3. Summarize changes in East Germany.
4. Describe democratic change in Czechoslovakia and Romania.
19.4
Collapse of the Soviet Union
1. Describe the collapse of the Soviet Union.
2. Identify the problems facing the Russian government.
3. Summarize the conflict in the former Yugoslavia.
4. Explain problems in Poland and Czechoslovakia.
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14.4
Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia
1. Trace the events that fueled nationalist activity in India.
2. Summarize how Gandhi used non-violent tactics to free India from British rule.
3. Explain how Indian self-rule heightened conflicts between Muslims and Hindus.
4. Describe nationalist activity and the rise of independence movements in Southwest Asia.
18.1
The Indian Subcontinent Gains Independence
1. Summarize the effect of World War II on the colonies.
2. Describe the events that led to the partition of India.
3. Summarize the leadership of Nehru and his descendants.
4. Summarize the politics of Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
18.3
New Nations in Africa
1. Identify the Negritude movement.
2. Describe the events surrounding the independence of Ghana and Kenya.
3. Describe the Congo’s independence and Mobutu’s rule.
4. Summarize Algeria’s struggle for independence and unity.
5. Identify roles played by world powers in Angola’s post-independence civil strife.
19.2
Democratic Challenges in African Nations
1. Explain the legacy of colonialism in Africa.
2. Explain how Nigeria’s ethnic diversity led to war.
3. Describe events in Nigeria since 1970.
4. Explain the history of white rule in South Africa.
5. Describe South Africa’s shift toward democracy.
11.3
Muslim Lands Fall to Imperialist Demands
1. Summarize the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
2. Describe the Crimean War and the division of the Ottoman Empire.
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18.4
Conflicts in the Middle East
1. Describe the events that led to the formation of the new nation of Israel.
2. List the outbreaks of war between Israel and Arab states.
3. Explain the Camp David Accords.
4. Describe the Palestinian struggle for independence.
20.3 Global Security Issues
1. Identify security issues nations face and ways they pursue collective security.
2. Describe examples of ongoing ethnic and religious conflicts, and the hope for world peace.
3. Describe international support for human rights.
4. Explain the increase in migration and discuss its worldwide effects.
E.5
The Threat of Weapons and Terrorism
1. Discuss reasons for worldwide arms trade and how people are trying to restrict it.
2. List weapons of mass destruction and identify the threats they pose to peace, security, and human
survival.
3. Describe the increasing danger of global terrorism.
4. Explain the United Nations’ role in securing peace.
20.1
Science and Technology Shape Human Outlook
1. Trace exploration of the solar system and show how it relates to international politics.
2. Identify the effects of expanding global communications in the late 20th century.
3. List advances in health care, medicine, and agriculture, and evaluate their effects.
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20.2
Global Economic Development
1. Discuss the effects of technology on the world economy.
2. Explain the economic growth of Pacific Rim countries.
3. Define the global economy.
4. Identify challenges facing developing nations.
5. Describe the environmental impact of development.
E.1
Technology Changes People’s Lives
1. Discuss how computers have spurred advances in many fields and allowed people to communicate
more quickly.
2. Explain how recent technologies have affected the workplace and global economic issues.
3. Identify how the mass media have affected cultures around the world.
4. Describe how biotechnology has improved health but raised concerns about possible misuses.
E.2
Dangers of the Global Environment
1. Discuss the environmental movement in the United States and around the world.
2. Discuss concerns about the effects of air pollution, including the greenhouse effect and destruction of
the ozone layer.
3. Describe the depletion of natural resources, including fresh water and the rain forests.
4. Describe the issues raised by energy usage.
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