Download Interactive Notebook - Marion County Public Schools

Unit 1- Citizenship Vocabulary
citizen- a legal member of a nation or country
resident- a person who lives somewhere permanently
alien- a person who lives in the US but is not from the US and is not a citizen
immigrant- a person who comes from another country to live in the US
law of blood- citizenship granted because the individual’s parents are citizens
law of soil- citizenship granted because the individual was born on US soil
naturalization- process of becoming a US citizen
obligation- a duty or something that is required for a citizen to do
responsibility- something a citizen should do
common good- benefits everyone
law- a rule made by a source of authority to regulate people’s conduct or
activities
Rule of Law- the idea that those who govern must follow the laws and no one is
above the law
Unit 2- Monitoring and Influencing the
Government Vocabulary
media- method of communication such as the TV, radio, newspaper, and internet
interest group- a group of people concerned with an issue, who try to influence
public policy and legislators to support or oppose government actions
symbolism- technique of using images or pictures to convey a certain message
bias- favoring one view over another
propaganda- method of spreading ideas, information, or rumors for the purpose
of helping or hurting a person, cause, or institution
lobbying- participating in activities in order to influence government officials
monitor- to watch, keep track of, or check
influence- having an effect or impact on the actions, behavior, or opinions of
others
Unit 3- Elections Vocabulary
political party- an organization that tries to get political power by electing
members to public office so that their political ideas can become laws or policies
Democratic party- a political party that believes that the federal government
should take a more active role in people’s lives, particularly those who are in need
Republican party- a political party that believes that the federal government
should play a less active role in people’s lives and that individuals can take care of
themselves without government help
candidate- a person running for political office
platform- a written statement of the goals of a political party
third party- a political party that is not one of the two major parties, a minor party
two-party system- a political system consisting primarily of two major parties,
more or less equal in strength
political office- a position for which a candidate is elected to hold
qualification- the traits and accomplishments that fit a person for some function
or office
requirement- something necessary
elector- a person who has the right to vote in an election
Unit 4- Federal Government Part 1 Vocabulary
legislative branch- the branch of government that creates laws
executive branch- the branch that enforces the laws
judicial branch- the branch of government that interprets the laws
enumerated powers- see delegated powers
delegated powers- the powers specifically named and assigned to the federal
government or prohibited to be exercised by the states under the US constitution
implied powers- powers not written in the US Constitution but are necessary and
proper in order for the federal government to carry out the expressed powers;
Article 1, Section 8, clause 18 gives Congress the power to do what it deems
“necessary and proper” to carry out the delegated powers
original jurisdiction- the power of a court to be the first to hear a case on a
specific topic
appellate jurisdiction- the power to hear appeals of cases which have been tried
in lower courts
elastic clause- the power of Congress to pass all laws they deem necessary and
proper to carry out its enumerated powers
limited government- a government that has been limited in power by a
constitution, or written agreement
separation of powers- the structure of the federal government, according to the
US Constitution, that sets up three branches with their own distinct powers and
responsibilities
checks and balances- a principle of the federal government, according to the US
Constitution, that allows each branch of government to limit the power of the
other branches
The Preamble Translated
We the People of the United States, in order to make things better for all, to make
a fair and honest system, to create peace in the country, to protect the country
from other countries or people that might try to harm us, to create a better life for
all, to secure liberty and freedom for current and future generation do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the United States of America.
 The Preamble serves as an introduction to the US Constitution, establishing
the goals and purposes of the government.
 The phrase “We the People” means that government depends on the
people for power and exists to serve them.
Three Branches of Government
Legislative Branch
Executive Branch
Judicial Branch
Makes the Laws
Enforces the Laws
Interprets the Laws
 United States Congress is the legislative branch.
 The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court and inferior courts.
 The President and Vice President (and Cabinet) make up the executive
branch.
Separation of Powers
 Each of the 3 branches is responsible for different functions.
Legislative Branch
 Article 1 of the Constitution outlines the powers of the legislative branch
 Is made up of Congress:
o The House of Representatives
o The Senate
 Introduces new laws, can override a presidential veto, coin money, borrow
money on behalf of the US, appropriate money to the executive branch,
declare war, and remove the president
Executive Branch
 Article 2 of the Constitution outlines the powers of the executive branch
 Is made up of
o President
o Cabinet
o Federal agencies
 Propose laws to Congress, sign bills into laws, veto bills from becoming
laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, making executive
appointments, grant pardons to federal offenders.
Judicial Branch
 Article 3 of the Constitution outlines the powers of the judicial branch
 Is made up of
o Supreme Court
o Lower Federal courts
Declares laws unconstitutional through the power of judicial review, interpret the
meaning of laws
Checks and Balances
 Each branch has procedures to ensure that no one branch has too much
power
 They check each other and balance the power
Unit 5- Federal Government Part 2 Vocabulary
appointment confirmation- the process of the Senate approving the president’s
choices for certain positions within the government
committee selection- how representatives and senators are chosen for their
assigned committees
executive order- an order that comes from the US President or a government
agency and must be obeyed like law
veto- a decision by an executive authority such as a president or governor to
reject a proposed law or statute
appointment- job or duty that is given to a person
judicial review- the power of the judicial branch to review the actions of the
executive and legislative branches and determine whether or not they are
constitutional (this includes laws passed by Congress); the US Supreme Court case
Marbury v. Madison established this power
court order- a formal statement from a court that orders someone to do or stop
doing something
writ of certiorari- the procedure to see if the US Supreme Court will hear a case; a
writ of certiorari is issued when a higher level court agrees to hear an appeal of an
inferior court’s decision
summary judgment- a judgment decided by a trial court without that case going
to trial; a summary judgment is an attempt to stop a case from going to trial
Unit 6- State Government Vocabulary
Federalism- a system of government in which power is divided and shared
between national (federal), state, and local governments.
Tenth Amendment- the final amendment in the Bill of Rights, it states: “ the
powers not delegated to the US by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the
states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people”
Supremacy clause- states that the US Constitution is the supreme law of the land,
and that national laws are supreme over state laws (found in Article 6)
concurrent powers- powers that are shared among the state and federal
government
delegated powers- powers that are only for federal government
enumerated powers- see delegated powers
reserved powers- powers that are only for the state government
Federalism
Federalism is a system of government in which power is divided and shared
between national (federal), state, and local governments.
It allows local action on local matters and national actions on bigger concerns.
The Tenth Amendment
The states and local governments get any powers that the US Constitution does
not clearly give to the federal government or clearly forbid from the states.
Type of Power
Definition
Examples
1. The power to raise and support an army and
navy.
2. The power to coin money.
3. The power to declare war.
4. The power to conduct foreign policy.
5. The power to regulate trade between states
and internationally.
powers that are given to the 1. The power to run elections.
2. The power to set up and run schools.
states by the Tenth
3. The power to establish local governments
Amendment to the U.S.
4. The power to regulate business in the state.
Constitution
Enumerated or powers specifically listed
in the U.S. Constitution for
Delegated
the federal (national)
Powers
government only
Reserved
Powers
Concurrent
Powers
powers shared by the
federal (national) and state
governments
1. The power to levy taxes (tax the people).
2. The power to establish courts.
3. The ability to borrow money.
Local
Government
Powers
powers given to towns,
cities and counties by the
Florida Constitution
1. The power to create speed limits.
2. The power to protect citizens from crime.
3. The power to provide services related to
garbage, sewage, fire protection, and traffic
control.
State Government
Legislative Branch- Florida Senate and Florida House of Representatives
Judicial Branch- Florida Supreme Court
Executive Branch- Governor
How a Bill Becomes a Law (State Edition)
acts- laws passed by the federal government that govern the entire nation
statutes- laws passed by the state government that govern the people living in the
state
Step 1: An idea is presented to a legislator. The legislator presents the bill to
his/her chamber (Senate or House).
Step 2: That chamber forms a committee for the bill.
Step 3: The chamber debates and votes on the bill.
Step 4: The other chamber debates and votes on the bill.
Step 5: Governor signs the bill.
Unit 7- Local Government Vocabulary
city commissioner- member of the governing body of a city
county commissioner- member of the governing body of a county
constituents- the people that public officials are elected to represent
home rule- self-government by citizens at the local level
jurisdiction- the right and power for courts to hear a case, interpret, and apply
the law
Local Government
 2 levels of local government
o city (municipal) government
o county government
 Responsibilities
o Funding schools
o Police and fire departments
o County and city courts
o City parks
City Government
 Executive Branch- mayor
 Legislative Branch- city council or city commission
o ordinances- laws made at the local level
 Judicial Branch- municipal courts
o Deals with tickets, fines, breaking the law