Download 12 government review

The Declaration of
Independence
• Government power comes from
people
• Governments created to protect
Natural Rights
• Ability to revolt when government
fails to protect
Articles vs. Constitution
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Articles
One Branch=
Congress
Unicameral
Each state has one
vote in Congress
Cannot tax
All 13 states must
agree to amend
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Constitution
Strong Central
Government
Three Branches
Bicameral- Senate
and House of
Representatives
Power to tax
¾ states agree to
amend
The Great
Compromise
• Settle the dispute over representation
• creates a two house (bicameral)
legislature.
• The Senate is based on the New Jersey
Plan. Each state has 2 senators.
• The House of Representatives is based on
the Virginia Plan. Each state’s
representation is based on population.
3/5’s Compromise
Should slaves be counted when determining how many representatives a
state will have?
North vs. the South
What are the five principles of
the Constitution?
• limited government• federalism-
a political principle which holds
that government should be bound
by laws that limit its power
System of government in which power is distributed
between national and state governments
• checks and balances• separation of powers• popular sovereignty-
System set up in the Constitution where
each branch of the government has some
authority over the other
The division of power among the
legislative, executive, and judicial
branches of the government
The belief that people should have the
right to rule themselves
Limited, Flexible and Living
Limited Government
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Federalism
Checks and Balances
Separation of Powers
Bill of Rights
Flexible and Living
Document
• Amendments
• Elastic Clause
Elastic Clause
This gives Congress the
ability to exercise power
or create laws not
specifically mentioned in
the Constitution.
This can only be used
when Congress feels
that it is “necessary or
proper”
The Unwritten Constitution
• Not written in the Constitution
• Based on Tradition and
customs
• Political parties
•Judicial Review- also a check
and balance
•Cabinet
Marbury v. Madison (1803)
• Established Judicial
Review
– Power of the
Supreme Court to
declare laws
unconstitutional
Federalism
government in which power is distributed
between national and state governments
1.Delegated Powers- powers granted to Federal
government
2.Reserved Powers- Powers granted to states
governments
3.Concurrent Powers- Powers shared by the
Federal and States
Delegated
Concurrent
Reserved
Bill of Rights
• 1st Ten Amendments of
Constitution
• Limit government from taking
away our natural rights
• Amendment- change or
addition to Constitution
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Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and
petition.
Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well
regulated militia.
No quartering of soldiers.
Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures.
Right to due process of law, freedom from selfincrimination, double jeopardy.
Rights of accused persons, e.g., right to a speedy and
public trial.
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Right of trial by jury in civil cases.
Freedom from excessive bail, cruel and unusual
punishments.
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Other rights of the people.
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Powers reserved to the states.