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QUASI FEDERATION INTRODUCTION Prof. K. C Wheare calls Indian Polity as Quasi Federal INDIA DOES NOT STRICTLY CONFORM TO THE FEDERAL FEATURES Dual citizenship Parallel system of Judiciary Rigidity of Constitution The Constitution of India has following federal features Double Govt. Separation of powers Written constitution Distinction between constitution and ordinary law INDIAN SYSTEM CONTAINS FOLLOWING UNITARY FEATURES Central govt can send directions to the state govt. The governors are to be appointed by the President Parliament may change the boundaries of any state Centre enjoys the residuary powers Centre even has control over the state list Laws passed by the state legislatures may be reserved for the consideration of the President Central Reserve Police force States have to seek grants from the union INDIAN SYSTEM CONTAINS FOLLOWING UNITARY FEATURES Failure of constitutional machinery in the state President assume all the powers Financial emergency Single citizenship Single judicial system All India services