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Name___________________ Date____________________ ChickenWing:Tissues Purpose Thepurposeofthisexerciseistopracticemanipulatingdissectingequipmentandbecomefamiliarwith organsandtissuesfoundthroughoutthebodyofanimals.i BackgroundInformation Abird’swingismadeupofgroupsoftissuesandorgansworkingtogethertoperformajob.Before beginningthedissection,reviewthefunctionsperformedbythetissuesandorgans. • Skeletalmusclesareattachedtobones. • Skinisthemembranoustissuethatformstheoutercoveringofthebodythatprovidesa protectivebarrierfromtheoutsideenvironment. • Muscletissueiscomposedofbundlesofskeletalmusclefibers.Whenthesetissuesexpandand contracttheyproducemotioninthewing. • Fattytissue,whenstoredontheundersideoftheskin,helpstokeepthebodywarm,cushion andprotectotherbodytissues,andstoresvitaminsA,D,E,andK. • Bloodvesselsarethearteries,veins,andcapillaries,whichtransportbloodthroughoutthebody. Capillariesaretoosmalltobeseenwithoutamicroscope.Arterieshavethickerwallsthanveins. • Tendonsareespeciallystrongconnectivetissuethatattachesskeletalmuscletobones. • Cartilagehelpspreventneighboringbonesfromgrindingagainsteachother. • Boneprovidesstructuralsupportandmanufacturesredbloodcells. • Nervesarethebundlesoffibersthattransmitsensorystimuliandmotionimpulses. • Ligamentsarestrongbandsofconnectivetissuethatconnecttwobonestogether. Procedure Materials 1. Onerawchickenwingforeachstudent. 2. Scissors 3. Paperplate 4. Tweezersorforceps SequenceofSteps Readthedescriptionofeachofthetissuesororgansandthenbeginthedissectionforthatparticular tissue/organ.Intheboxprovided,sketchanillustrationofeachtissue/organlistedinthislab. SKIN–Theskinistheexternalcoveringoftheentirewing.The skinwillhaveaweblikeappearancebetweenthebones.Look forevidencethattheskinwascoveredwithfeathers.Cutaslit intheskincoveringthelargestboneandjoint. 1 SKIN LAB Howdoesskinprovidenonspecificdefensesagainstinfection? __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ CONNECTIVETISSUE–Firstliftacorneroftheskinand,with tweezersorforceps,peelitbackgentlyfromthemuscle.Notice theshinny,thin,membranethatsurroundsthemuscleand attachesthemuscletotheskin.Thisisconnectivetissue. CONNECTIVETISSUE MUSCLETISSUE–Notethepink-orangebundlesoffibers attachedtothebone.Thisismuscletissue. MUSCLETISSUE FATTYTISSUE–Continuetopeelbacktheskinslowlyandgently untilyoulocateatissuebetweentheskinandmusclethatis yellowincolorandgreasytothetouch.Ifnofattytissuecanbe foundthere,findathickpieceofskinandproceedtocutthrough ittoseeifthereisanyfattytissue.Ifthelabisutilizingstoreboughtchickenwings,itispossiblethatlittleornofatcanbe FATTYTISSUE observed. BLOODVESSELS–Withtheskinpeeledback,scanthesurfaceof theskeletalmusclesforthinredtubes.Thesearebloodvessels. Arteriesandveinsmightalsobelocatedinbundlesofconnective tissuewithnerves. TENDONS–Lookatthetopofthelargebone.Noticetheshiny whitepieceofconnectivetissuethatattachesskeletalmuscleto bone.Thesearetendons. BLOODVESSELS TENDON CARTILAGE–Examinethetopofthelargebone.Locateapearly whitehardtissuefoundattheendsofthelongbones.Thisis cartilage. 2 CARTILAGE LAB BONE–Cutthroughthemusclewithyour scissorstoexposethe hardwhitebone.Bonesarehard(butnot solid)tissuemadeup primarilyofcalciumandphosphorus.The scissorswillnotbeable tocross-sectthebone.Asktheinstructorto cutthebone.Lookinto thecross-sectionofthebone;themassofred tissueisredmarrow.It istheredmarrowthatmanufacturesred CROSSSECTIONOFBONE MARROW bloodcells.Noticethebonesurroundingthe redmarrow.Theboneitselfinnotsolid,butisanasymmetricallatticeworkofcalciumand phosphorus. NERVES–Nervesareusuallyfoundburieddeepwithinanorganism,often lyingclosetolongbones.Sometimesanartery,vein,andnerveareheld togetherinonebundleofconnectivetissue.Gentlypeelthemusclefrom thelongboneandsearchcarefullyforathinwhitethreadliketissue.Thisisa nerve.Ifthisdoesnotwork,lookforabundleofconnectivetissue containingbloodvessels.Gentlypryitapartandsearchforthenerve. NERVES LIGAMENTS–Cutthroughtheskinandmuscledowntothejointbetween thelongboneandthecenterbone.Locatethestrongwhitebandsof connectivetissuethatconnectthetwobonestogetheratthejoint.Thisisa ligament. LIGAMENT Conclusion: Howdothestructuresofthehumanandanimalbody(suchasmuscletissue,fattytissue,skin,etc)help keeptheinternalenvironmentrelativelystable? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3 LAB
