Download As I said, Gregor Mendel found a basic rule of

Why he chose pea plants: Photo of peas, retrieved from http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2012/05/the-­‐perfect-­‐milk-­‐machine-­‐how-­‐
big-­‐data-­‐transformed-­‐the-­‐dairy-­‐industry/256423/ on March 4, 2014 As I said, Gregor Mendel found a basic rule of heredity by using peas in his garden. He used peas for his experiment because it was quick, easy to grow and find traits, has many different traits, and has male and female organs. The trait in pea plants are also be found from one generation to the next generation. Mendelian Traits: Photo of Mendelian Traits, retrieved from http://www.takdangaralin.com/science/genetics-­‐the-­‐
beginning-­‐of-­‐genetics/ on March 4, 2014 Gregor Mendel looked at peas and pea plants from his garden and found 7 traits. Those traits are flower position, stem length, seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, and lastly pod color. Each trait has two phenotypes and phenotypes are observable traits or traits that can see from outside. He found that there are two seed color in peas, which are yellow and green, two seed shapes, which are round and wrinkled, two heights, which are tall and short, two seed coat colors, which are green and white, two pod shapes, which are inflated and constricted, and two flower positions, which are axial or side and terminal or top. Those 7 traits are called Mendelian traits. He used these traits to find purebred plants and seeds. Cross fertilization and Self fertilization: Photo of parent generation, f1 generation, and f2 generation, retrieved from http://www.bio.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/bio212/mendel.html on March 5, 2014 The parent generation is one of Mendel’s discoveries. As I mentioned before, Mendel discovered 7 traits from peas and pea plants and found that he can use these traits to find purebred plants. He found that the plants that self-­‐fertilize always produce purebred seeds. The parent generation is the plant that self-­‐fertilize and the seed that is purebred. The parent generation passes down their traits to offspring or to the next generation. If we cross-­‐fertilize those, the flower will become hybrid, which is F1 generation. Mendel found F1 generation by cross-­‐fertilizing two purebred flowers. It is also called hybrid or heterozygous because it has two different alleles. For plants, the allele is purple form or white form and each form is called alleles. The pair of allele is called genotype. Genotype is written in alphabet that is either in capital form or lower case form because in purebred flower and seeds, it has two alleles that are same. This is called homozygous. For example, if we suppose that purebred flower have two purple forms and the purple form is expressed by YY and white form is expressed by yy, it’s YY. In F1 generation, he also found that only one color from parent generation showed up because either color is dominant or recessive. If purebred purple flower (YY) and purebred white flower (yy) cross-­‐fertilize, the next generation will be hybrid and because it’s going to carry one allele from each flower, the genotype of this will be Yy. He found two ways to make F2 generation and those are by cross-­‐fertilizing two F1 generation flower and by self-­‐fertilizing F1 generation flower. If in F1 generation, purple was dominant and white was recessive, 3 out of 4 F2 generation flowers will be purple and 1 F2 generation flower will be white. The genotype of purple flower will be Yy because it carried the dominant one and the genotype of white flower will be yy because it carried the recessive one. The Significance of His Work and How It Was Received by His Peers: Mendel’s work was significant because he found how genetics work and how plants and human being carry traits to the next generation. However, Mendel’s work became significant after 40 years because scientists started to understand what he wrote and observed. His work was also significant because if these discoveries were not discovered, there was no way to believe the modern genetics. His discoveries were that important and impacted the modern genetics. His peers didn’t trust him because it was too difficult and they couldn’t understand any of it because it had so much scientific things and was inconvenient. However, as the time goes on, more scientists started to understand what he wrote and observed; for example Carl Von Nageli, who first started to understand his discoveries. His discoveries were too modern at that time that no one could understand. Rediscovery of Mendel’s work: At first, Mendel’s discoveries were rejected but in 1900, three scientists named Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns, and Erich von Tschermakseyseneeg, rediscovered his discoveries. They each worked individually and discovered it in more easy way than Mendel’s one because they looked through microscopes and looked at chromosomes. Chromosome is a structure in DNA that is found in cells. They were also breeding two different types of plants, which are hybrid and purebred. After they posted their discoveries, they soon found Mendel’s old paper filled with his discoveries. Thus, they announced Mendel’s discoveries to public and stated that Gregor Mendel originally discovered it. Because of that, after about 40 years after Mendel’s discoveries rejected, his discoveries were announced publically. Other Friends Commenting on Mendel’s Work/life: Hi. My name is Charles Darwin and I discovered the evolutionally theory. Gregor Mendel was my friend and he worked in same time as me. I could not believe that even though his discoveries were one of the most amazing discoveries in history and it was more significant than any discoveries in 19th century (not including mine), most scientists didn’t announce that to public for about 40 years. I think this is because his paper had so much modern things those scientists in that time could not understand any of it. Thus, his discoveries were announced after he died. Hi. My name is Hugo de Vries and I’m one of the scientists who rediscovered Gregor Mendel’s discoveries. I was working on genetics too by looking at chromosome through microscope. It was easier than what Mendel did. When I realized that someone already discovered my discoveries, I was shocked. Someone else already discovered what I discovered and observed 40 years ago. I looked through his paper and I was shocked again. He used his peas and pea plants that were growing in his garden and he found 7 traits from it. Using those 7 traits, he found how traits are carried to the next generation. After I looked through this paper, I suddenly started to respect him and wanted to announce this to public. I announced it to public and told them that Gregor Mendel originally discovered it. Bibliography Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory . (2002). Genes are real things . Retrieved March 5, 2014, from DNA from the beginning : http://www.dnaftb.org/6/animation.html Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory . (2002). Some genes are dominant . Retrieved March 5, 2014, from DNA from the beginning : http://www.dnaftb.org/4/animation.html Laboratory, C. S. (n.d.). Gregor Mendel and Pea Plants . Retrieved February 28 , 2014, from DNA Learning center : http://www.dnalc.org/view/16002-­‐Gregor-­‐Mendel-­‐and-­‐pea-­‐plants.html Robert, H. (2013, April 22). 1900: Rediscovery of Mendel's work . Retrieved March 5, 2014, from National Human Genome Research Institute : http://www.genome.gov/25520238 ThinkQuest. (n.d.). The 19th century . Retrieved March 2, 2014, from ThinkQuest : http://library.thinkquest.org/19662/low/eng/19th.html University, C. S. (n.d.). Blueprint of life: 2. The work of Gregor Mendel. Retrieved March 5, 2014, from NSW HSC: http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/biology/core/blueprint/2470/932net.html Whipps, H. (2008, June 5). Gregor Mendel: A monk and his peas . Retrieved March 5, 2014, from livescience: http://www.livescience.com/7537-­‐monk-­‐peas-­‐changed-­‐world.html