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2013 Senior External Examination Biology Thursday 31 October 2013 Paper One — Question and response book Time allowed • Perusal time: 10 minutes • Working time: 2 hours 30 minutes 9 am to 11:40 am Candidate use Print your candidate number here 1 3 – Examination materials provided • Paper One — Question and response book • Notepaper Attach barcode here Equipment/materials allowed • QSA-approved equipment • non-programmable calculator • one A4 sheet of EBI question topic research notes Directions Do not write in this book during perusal time. Paper One has three parts: • Part A — Cell structure and function • Part B — Physiology of organisms • Part C — Organisms and ecosystems Attempt all questions. Suggested time allocation • Part A: 55 minutes • Part B: 40 minutes • Part C: 55 minutes Assessment Paper One assesses the following assessment criteria: • Understanding biology (UB) • Investigating biology (IB) • Evaluating biological issues (EBI) Assessment standards are at the end of this book. After the examination session The supervisor will collect this book. Take your research notes when you leave for use in Paper Two. Number of books used Supervisor use only Supervisor’s initials QSA use only Marker number – Planning space Part A — Cell structure and function Questions 1–8 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB). Question 9 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the spaces provided. Suggested time allocation: 55 minutes. Question 1 (UB) Which organelle is in abundant quantities in cells that carry out photosynthesis in a leaf? Explain your response. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 2 (UB) Diffusion of substances into and out of a cell occurs across the cell surface. Describe how increasing the size of a cell will affect the rate of diffusion of materials into and out of the cell. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 3 (UB) State the function of the following in a cell: a. carbohydrates ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... b. nucleic acids ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 1 Question 4 (UB) The diagram below shows a portion of a cell. Y a. What evidence would you look for to determine whether the cell is from a plant or animal? .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... b. One theory suggests that, as humans age, the structure labelled Y become less efficient. Explain the consequences of this for an elderly person, taking into account the function of this organelle. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... Question 5 (UB) Where in a plant cell would you expect to find the following? a. glucose ............................................................................................................... b. DNA ............................................................................................................... 2 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book Question 6 (UB) The diagram below represents a chemical reaction catalysed by an enzyme. Step 1 enzyme a. substrates Step 2 enzyme–substrate complex Step 3 enzyme products How does this model explain the idea of enzyme specificity? .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... b. Some drugs kill parasites effectively because they block enzymes involved in biochemical pathways critical for the growth of the parasite. Using a diagram similar to that above, illustrate how these drug molecules could block the enzyme involved. c. Amylase, an enzyme found in saliva, promotes the breakdown of starch to maltose. If saliva is mixed with starch, eventually all the starch will be broken down regardless of the amount of saliva added. Explain why this occurs. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 3 Question 7 (IB) The results below were collected in an investigation of the effect of temperature on the reaction rate of an enzyme. Temperature (°C) Rate of reaction (mg of product formed per minute) 10 1.0 20 2.1 30 3.2 35 3.7 40 4.1 45 3.7 50 2.7 60 0 a. Draw a graph of the results. b. Estimate the rate of reaction at 25 °C. .......................................................................................................... 4 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book c. What conclusion can be drawn from the results? Explain why this occurs by linking the data to enzyme activity theory. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... Question 8 (UB) CO2 exchange The graph below shows the exchange of carbon dioxide in a plant at increasing light intensity. intake 0 output Light intensity The plant is undergoing photosynthesis when light is present. Why is carbon dioxide released from the plant at low light intensity? ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 5 Question 9 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below. Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas. Plan your response carefully. If you write more than one draft, indicate which is to be marked. Question 9 (EBI) Stem cells are promoted as “the way of the future” for the treatment of many illnesses and therefore medical research into these cells should be a high priority. Do you agree with this statement? Justify your decision. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 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End of Part A 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 7 Part B — Physiology of organisms Questions 1–7 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB). Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the spaces provided. Suggested time allocation: 40 minutes. Question 1 (UB) Ringbarking involves removing part of the stem from plants (Diagram 1). After a plant has been ringbarked for some time, a swelling may occur above the ring (Diagram 2). If the substance in the swelling is removed and tested it is found to contain, among other things, glucose. Diagram 1 Diagram 2 ring of bark removed swelling no swelling below ring a. Explain the swelling in Diagram 2. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... b. From the results of testing the substance in the swelling, what is removed when a plant is ringbarked? Explain your response. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 8 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book Question 2 (IB) The following experiment was designed and undertaken by a Year 11 student. Purpose — To investigate the effect of sunlight on green plants. Hypothesis — Green plants need sunlight to survive. Procedure — The student obtained two seedlings of the same species. The student then: • labelled two same-sized pots “Plant 1” and “Plant 2” • potted the seedlings using a commercial potting mix, but ran out of potting mix for Plant 2 and topped it up with some soil from the school garden • gave both plants 100 mL of water • placed Plant 1 on the windowsill with plenty of exposure to sunlight and put Plant 2 in a dark cupboard to ensure it had no access to sunlight. The student watered Plant 1 every two days for a period of two weeks but forgot about Plant 2, which was out of sight in the cupboard. At the end of the two week period, Plant 1 was thriving but Plant 2 was dead. The student wrote the following conclusion: Plant 2 was not exposed to sunlight until it died. The plant must have died due to lack of sunlight. The hypothesis that “green plants need sunlight to survive” is supported by the results of this experiment. Evaluate the design of the experiment and propose refinements so that it more accurately and reliably tests the hypothesis. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 9 Question 3 (UB) Occasionally a baby is born with a very serious congenital condition of the heart called tetralogy of Fallot. There are four separate abnormalities in this condition: • the aorta comes primarily or completely out of the right ventricle instead of the left • the pulmonary artery is very narrow and allows very little blood to pass to the lungs • the muscular wall between the right and left sides of the heart is incomplete, so the blood in the left and right ventricles is not kept separate • the right ventricle is greatly enlarged. Heart with tetrology of Fallot (arrows show the flow of blood) a. Label the aorta, pulmonary artery and right ventricle on the diagram. b. Describe how a narrow pulmonary artery would affect the volume of blood travelling to the lungs. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... c. How does the position of the aorta affect the oxygen content of the blood travelling to the body from the heart? Give reasons for your response. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... d. In this condition, is the hole between the ventricles an advantage or disadvantage? Give reasons for your response, considering all abnormalities. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 10 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book e. What physical symptoms would appear in a baby who was suffering from this condition, and why? .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... Question 4 (UB) During bacterial infection, degenerating tissues and the bacteria themselves release proteins called pyrogens which change the set point of the “thermostat” in the brain from around 37 °C (normal body temperature) to, for example, 40 °C. The body carries out the regulatory changes necessary to raise and maintain normal body temperature at this new set point of 40 °C. A crisis point is said to have been passed when the production of pyrogens decreases and allows the brain thermostat to return to its normal set point of 37 °C; the body now interprets the temperature of 40 °C as being too hot. This situation is represented graphically below. Temperature during bacterial infection 41 40 39 Body temp. 38 (°C) 37 36 35 0 10 20 30 Time (h) 40 50 60 Actual body temperature “Thermostat” setting Decide if each statement below is true or false. Give reasons for your decision. a. Blood vessels in the skin would dilate between 8 and 35 hours. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... b. At 42 hours, when the body temperature is about 39 °C, the person would be sweating. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 11 Question 5 (IB) An experiment was carried out on mice to determine whether the pituitary gland controlled growth. Ninety mice were divided into three equal groups. Treatments and results are shown below. Treatment Group I II III Average mass (g) Pituitary gland removed Pituitary gland removed and daily injections of pituitary gland hormone given No treatment At start 218 221 214 After one month 200 530 527 a. Which is the control group in this experiment? Explain your response. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... b. What hypothesis does the data support? Justify the hypothesis by referring to the data. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 12 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book Question 6 (IB) You are provided with the following materials: • • • • • • potatoes distilled water 0.9% salt solution (normal saline) 3% salt solution evaporating basins a knife. Design an experiment to illustrate the osmotic effects of distilled water and 3% salt solution upon potato slices. a. Provide a methodology addressing variables and controls, and planning replicate treatments. b. Identify the types of data to be collected. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 13 Question 7 (UB/IB) The diagram below outlines an experiment on the growth of coleoptiles (the growing tips of plant shoots). light directed from one side mica sheets coleoptiles previously grown in uniform light several hours later X Y X Y Substances cannot pass through mica sheets. a. What type of plant response is this experiment investigating? .......................................................................................................... b. Formulate and justify a hypothesis to explain the difference in the experimental results. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... c. The stimulus–response model of homeostasis can be applied to plants. Draw a stimulus–response diagram for coleoptile Y. End of Part B 14 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book Part C — Organisms and ecosystems Questions 1–6 assess Understanding biology (UB) and Investigating biology (IB). Question 7 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Attempt all questions. Write your responses in the spaces provided. Suggested time allocation: 55 minutes. Question 1 (UB) Refer to the following food web. cormorants pelicans large fish shrimp water snails worms small fish mussels zooplankton phytoplankton a. algae Name one organism from this food web which is a producer. .......................................................................................................... b. The following food chain is from the food web phytoplankton zooplankton shrimp large fish pelicans Which heterotroph in the food chain would you expect to be present in the greatest numbers? .......................................................................................................... c. If most of the shrimp are removed from the food web, what would be the effect on the populations of other organisms in the food web? Justify your response. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 15 Question 2 (UB) Choose and name an organism: ........................................................................... Describe a structural, physiological and behavioural adaptation of the organism. Explain how the adaptation assists the organism to survive in its environment. structural ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... physiological ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... behavioural ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 3 (UB) Species that expand into a new area, as feral cats did in areas of Australia, typically show a period of rapid population growth followed by a slowing of population growth as the population settles around a level that can be supported by the environment. Population Explain why an introduced species initially exhibits rapid population growth. What causes the population growth to slow down? Time ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 16 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book Question 4 (UB) a. A tapeworm lives in the gut of a human and absorbs nutrients. Name this relationship. .......................................................................................................... b. Describe how each organism is affected by the interaction. .......................................................................................................... .......................................................................................................... Question 5 (UB) Use examples to describe the differences between populations, communities and ecosystems. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... Question 6 (IB) Use the following description of the feeding relationships in a forest community to draw a food web. On a fallen log in the forest, cockroaches, millipedes and wood-boring grubs can be found feeding on the sap and dead wood. The grubs of click beetles eat wood-boring grubs. Centipedes eat cockroaches and millipedes. Frogs feed on cockroaches, centipedes and millipedes. Slaters and earwigs feed on grass in the area. Huntsman spiders prey on millipedes, slaters and earwigs. Grass skinks eat slaters, huntsman spiders and earwigs. 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 17 Question 7 assesses Evaluating biological issues (EBI). Write an extended response below. Your response MUST refer to biological principles, concepts and ideas. Plan your response carefully. If you write more than one draft, indicate which is to be marked. Question 7 (EBI) Shark numbers in the wild are in decline. Predict the impacts on the environment of decreasing shark populations. ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 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End of Part C End of Paper One 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 19 Additional pages for responses (if required) Part Question ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... ............................................................................................................... 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............................................................................................................... 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 21 Planning space 22 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book Planning space 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 23 Planning space 24 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book 25 Investigating biology Understanding biology Criterion • organising data • evaluating the design of the investigation and reflecting on the adequacy of the data collected and proposing refinements. • interpreting and critically analysing data with links to theoretical concepts to draw conclusions relating to the question(s) • evaluating the design of the investigation and the adequacy of the data collected. • interpreting data and drawing conclusions relating to the question(s) • organising data • organising data to identify trends and interrelationships • designing an investigation by providing incomplete methodology with few variables and attempts to include a control • designing an investigation by providing methodology, addressing obvious variables and control and planning replicate treatments • designing an investigation by providing methodology, addressing variables and control, planning replicate treatments and identifying data to be collected • using data to draw conclusions. • identifying researchable questions • formulating researchable questions The candidate communicates investigative processes by: • applying knowledge and understanding to a range of tasks. • formulating justified researchable questions • applying knowledge and understanding to a range of complex tasks. • applying knowledge and understanding to a range of complex and challenging tasks. • defining and describing ideas, concepts, principles and theories, and identifying interrelationships The candidate communicates investigative processes by: • explaining ideas, concepts, principles and theories and describing interrelationships between them • making links between related ideas, concepts, principles and theories to reveal meaningful interrelationships The candidate communicates understanding by: C The candidate communicates investigative processes by: The candidate communicates understanding by: B The candidate communicates understanding by: A Paper One • attempting to organise data. • designing an investigation which provides incomplete methodology and mentions variables • using data to answer questions The candidate communicates investigative processes by: The candidate communicates understanding by stating ideas and using terminology relevant to concepts and recalling interrelationships. D E The candidate communicates investigative processes by providing incomplete methodology, and transcribes data. The candidate states terminology and ideas relevant to concepts. Assessment standards derived from the Biology Senior External Syllabus 2006 26 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book Evaluating biological issues Criterion • comparing alternatives and predictions relevant in past, present and future biological contexts. • integrating the information and data to make logical decisions • integrating the information and data to make justified and responsible decisions • recognising alternatives and predictions that are relevant in a range of past and present biological contexts. The candidate communicates by: B The candidate communicates by: A • recognising concepts that form the basis of present-day biological issues in a range of biological contexts. • selecting relevant information and data to make plausible decisions and predictions The candidate communicates by: C Paper One (continued) • recognising that a given issue has biological implications. • making unsupported decisions The candidate communicates by: D The candidate communicates by restating supplied information. E Queensland Studies Authority 154 Melbourne Street, South Brisbane PO Box 307 Spring Hill QLD 4004 Australia T +61 7 3864 0299 F +61 7 3221 2553 www.qsa.qld.edu.au © The State of Queensland (Queensland Studies Authority) 201 Copyright protects this material. Copyright in the Senior External Examination is owned by the State of Queensland and/or the Queensland Studies Authority. Copyright in some of the material may be owned by third parties. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth), reproduction by any means (photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise), making available online, electronic transmission or other publication of this material is prohibited without prior written permission of the relevant copyright owner/s. The Queensland Studies Authority requires to be recognised as the source of the Senior External Examination and requires that its material remain unaltered. Enquiries relating to copyright in this material, which is owned by the State of Queensland or the Queensland Studies Authority, should be addressed to: Manager Publishing Unit Email:28 [email protected] 2013 Biology — Paper One — Question and response book
