Download Final Exam Review File

Psychology - Final Exam Review – 1st Semester
1 – 10 Directions:
A – positive reinforcement
1.
Use the following terms to fill in the blanks 1-10.
B – punishment
C – negative reinforcement
Which term refers to a behavior followed by an unpleasant consequence?
2. Which term refers to a behavior followed by the loss of a pleasant consequence?
3. Which term refers to a behavior followed by a pleasant consequence?
4. Which term refers to behavior followed by the loss of an unpleasant consequence?
5. Two student computer hackers used their time in the school computer lab to the administrative network and change their
report card grades to straight A’s. When the administration traced the students, they were not allowed to use the school
computers for the rest of the year. Which operant conditioning term applies to this consequence?
6. Two children in an elementary school started a food fight in the cafeteria. The assistant principal had them mop the cafeteria
floor for a week as a result. Which operant conditioning term applies to this consequence?
7. A junior in high school performed on a stage for the first time in a drama production. Her performance resulted in loud
applause and a standing ovation when she came from behind the curtain to bow at the end of her performance. Which
operant conditioning term applies to this consequence?
8. A senior in high school took the SAT two extra times to try and avoid receiving a rejection letter from the last series of
universities to which he had applied. Which operant conditioning term applies to his action in trying to avoid another
rejection letter?
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
9. In classical conditioning, the best results occur when the conditional stimulus is presented:
a. after the unconditional stimulus
b. at the same times as the unconditional stimulus
c. alone
d. before the unconditional stimulus
10. A child saying “Daddy” only to his father is an example of:
a. extinction
b. discrimination
c. generalization
d. an unconditioned response
11.
A subject responding to a second stimulus similar to the original CS is an example of:
a. discrimination
b. preconditioning
c. generalization
d. taste
12. In classical conditioning, the unconditional stimulus elicits:
a. an automatic response
b. a learned response
c. a conditional stimulus
d. salivation
13. We expect life and death types of responses to be learned by:
a. modeling
b. classical conditioning
c. operant conditioning
d. shaping
14. Responding to a class of stimuli rather then a specific one is called:
a. discrimination
b. generalization
c. operant conditioning
d. classical conditioning
15. Another name for a positive reinforcer is:
a. conditional stimulus
b. reward
c. punishment
d. extinction
16. Giving money to a person for completing a job is a good example of:
a. an unconditioned stimulus
b. a positive reinforcement
c. a conditioned reinforcement
d. an unconditioned response
17. If we wished to train a dog to fetch a paper we would probably use:
a. classical conditioning
b. operant conditioning
c. modeling
d. PSI
18. Normally we do not perceive the dark gap between each frame of a movie film. This is due to the phenomenon of:
a. short-term memory
c. selective attention
b. long-term memory
d. sensory storage
19. Which of the following is a type of memory retrieval that requires the reconstruction of learned material?
a. recognition
c. recall
b. recombination
d. reproduction
20. Which of the following terms refers to the ability to identify the name of an old classmate in a newspaper article?
a. recall
c. confabulation
b. recognition
d. eidetic
21. Another term for “photographic memory” is:
a. confabulation
b. eidetic ability
c. recall
d. mnemonic device
22. Interference refers to the:
a. fading away of a memory over time.
b. Intentional blocking of an unpleasant experience.
c. Inability to retain two simultaneous inputs.
d. Blocking of a memory by previous or subsequent memories.
23. If you have trouble remembering your old phone number because you now recall only your new number, you are most likely
exhibiting:
a. proactive interference
c. decay
b. retroactive interference
d. interaction
24. A mnemonic devise is a:
a. machine used to measure sensory storage.
b. Model used to demonstrate the molecular theory of long-term memory.
c. Problem solving strategy involving nondirected thinking.
d. Strategy devised to improve one’s memory.
For #25-27 Mark “A” for true and
25. Short-term memory can hold about seven unrelated items.
“B” for false.
26. A child is more likely to have an eidetic memory than an adult.
27. In order to learn well, it is wise to try to absorb large amounts of information in one study session.
28. Who developed the idea of the id, ego, and superego?
a. Freud
b. Bandura
c. Skinner
d. Maslow
29. Which of the following is considered the reservoir of urges?
a. Id
c. Superego
b. Ego
d. all contain urges
30. Which of the following protect humans from acting on their urges?
a. Id
c. Superego
b. Ego
d. collective unconscious
31. Which of the following contains a human’s conscious personality?
a. Id
c. Superego
b. Ego
d. morality consciousness
32. A defense mechanism is ……
a. A defense to protect one from insults.
b. A measure used to defend perceived failures.
c. A machine to measure blood pressure during a stressful situation.
d. All of the above
33. When a person hits their dog because he or she is angry with their mother, they are displaying…
a. Repression
b. Depression
c. Displacement
d. Projection
34. When a person displays an opposite feeling when they are under anxiety, they are displaying…….
a. Projection
b. Depression
c. Regression
d. Reaction formation
35. When a person takes feelings from within and places them onto others they are displaying……
a. Projection
b. Depression
c. Regression
d. Reaction formation
36. When a teenager sucks their thumb when they are feeling anxiety, they are displaying….
a. Projection
b. Depression
c. Regression
d. Reaction formation
37. When a person continually tries to cover up and avoid feelings of inadequacy and failures they are thought to have……..
a. Low transgression
b. Inferiority complex
c. Multiple personality
d. Acute depression
38. Which of the following are known for their dealings with Behaviorism?
a. Freud
c. Adler
b. Skinner
d. Jung
39. Behaviorism deals with ……..
a. Subconscious urges and disurges
b. Observable behaviors
c. Unconscious behaviors
d. Subliminal behaviors
40. Maslow’s theory of personality dealt extensively with ……..
a. Introverts and extroverts
b. Subconscious behaviors
c. Self-actualization
d. Subconscious urges and disurges
41. Which theory deals with the utilization of talents and potential?
a. Introverts
b. Extroverts
c. Self-actualization
d. Disurges
42. Which of the following terms refer to a person as “outgoing and social?’
a. Socialite
b. Extrovert
c. Introvert
d. None of the above
43. Which of the following refers to a person as thoughtful, passive, quite?
a. Socialite
b. Repressive
c. Extrovert
d. Introvert
44. When one must choose between two attractive alternatives they face what type of stressful situation?
a. Double approach-avoidance
b. Avoidance-avoidance
c. Approach-avoidance
d. Approach-approach
45.
When one must choose between two unattractive situations they face what type of stressful situation?
a. Double approach-avoidance
b. Avoidance-avoidance
c. Approach-avoidance
d. Approach-approach
46. When one faces a situation in which there are multiple alternatives, some attractive and some unattractive, they face what type of
stressful situation?
a. Double approach-avoidance
b. Avoidance-avoidance
c. Approach-avoidance
d. Approach-approach
47. Which life change would be more likely to cause a higher level of stress?
a. family vacation
b. holidays
c. fired from work
d. divorce
For #48-55 Matching - Match the type of stressor that best fits the following situations.
a.
b.
Frustration
Environmental stressors
c. Life change
48. You are not able to pay all of the monthly bills
49. Studying near an expressway
50. Pregnancy
51. Changing schools
52. Moving
53. Not being able to jump high enough to dunk
54. Living near a garbage dump
55. Being stuck in a traffic jam
_____________________________________________________________________________________
56. Which of the following is a natural response to a stressful situation?
a.
arguing with the person
b.
calling the police
c.
crying
d.
talking it over
57. What of the following are not considered types of reactions to stress?
a. Physical
b. Behavioral
c. Psychological
d. Physiological
58.
Uncontrollable patterns of thought
a. compulsive
b. autism
c. obsession
d. phobia
59.
A subject, who is in good health, is preoccupied with imaginary ailments.
a. Withdrawal
b. Hypochondrias
c. Somatic
d. Depression
60.
There is no real danger, but the subject has a vague feeling that they are in danger.
a. obsession
b. anxiety
c. suicidal
d. tolerance
61.
Subject creates physical symptoms for which there is no apparent physical cause.
a. somatic
b. suicidal
c. personality disorder
d. psychological dependency
62.
Sensations in the absence of appropriate stimulations
a. autism
b. obsession
c. compulsive
d. hallucinations
63.
A childhood psychosis in which the subject sometimes acts as if other people do not exist.
a. dissociative disorder
b. autism
c. phobia
d. compulsive
64.
A pattern of sadness, anxiety, and fatigue that may reduce their ability to interact with others.
a. autism
b. depression
c. compulsive
d. hallucination
65.
The subject displays repeated performance of irrational actions.
a. addiction
b. obsession
c. depression
d. compulsive
66.
The subjects are unable to establish meaningful relationships with others, or to adapt to society.
a. phobia
b. personality disorder
c. somatic
d. hypochondrias
67.
Symptoms - severe anxiety that is focused on a particular object or situation.
a. anxiety
b. hallucinations
c. somatic
d. phobia
68.
Symptoms - irresponsible, immature, shallow, selfish subjects who have trouble dealing with society.
a. schizophrenia
b. dissociative
c. depression
d. somatic
69.
The subject has confused and disordered thoughts and perceptions.
a. hypochondrias
b. obsession
c. compulsion
d. schizophrenia
70.
The subject contemplates ending their life.
a. tolerance
b. addiction
c. withdrawal
d. suicide
71.
When one has a feeling that they are compelled to continue using a drug/alcohol.
a. withdrawal
b. obsession
c. psychological dependency
d. suicidal
72.
The body’s system has become used to the drugged state that it becomes the body’s “normal” state. If the drug/alcohol is not
present in the body, it feels deprived.
a. withdrawal
b. somatic
c. addiction
d. obsession
73.
The body needs more and more of the drug/alcohol to attain the new state of “normalcy.”
a. compulsive
b. tolerance
c. withdrawal
d. obsession
74.
The psychological and physical state the body experiences as it revolts against and finally gets used to the absence of the
addicted drug/alcohol.
a. tolerance
b. addiction
c. psychological dependency
d. withdrawal
75.
The goal of this approach was to help the patient understand the unconscious through discussing dreams, fantasies, slips-of-thetongue, perceptions of inkblots, etc.
a. group therapy
b. psychoanalysis
c. behavioral therapy
d. client-centered therapy
76
The goal is to make appropriate use of positive and negative consequences for behavior in order to change the way a patient acts.
a. group therapy
b. psychoanalysis
c. behavioral therapy
d. rational-emotional therapy
77.
This approach stresses the interaction among and support of peers when discussing mental problems. The goal of the therapy is
to provide emotional support to individuals by allowing them to share in the lives of others who have similar problems.
a. group therapy
b. behavioral therapy
c. psychoanalysis
d. prefrontal lobotomy
78.
The goal of this therapy is to help people resolve their own mental problems rather than depending on the direct advice of
someone else, since they are considered to have the potential to understand and direct them.
a. group therapy
b. behavioral therapy
c. client-centered therapy
d. rational-emotional therapy
79.
The goal of the therapy was to help the patient to think more rationally about distressing situations in order to cope better with
the realities of life.
a. group therapy
b. behavioral therapy
c. client-centered therapy
d. rational-emotional therapy
80.
With the use of electric shock in causing seizures in schizophrenic patients, it has since been found to lessen the symptoms of
severe depression.
a. electroconvulsive therapy
b. shockotromic therapy
c. electrostatic therapy
d. electrolysis
81.
A type of brain surgery in which nerve pathways are cut in the frontal lobes of the brain.
a. electroshock therapy
b. electrolysis therapy
c. prefrontal lobotomy
d. frontal insertion therapy
82.
This therapy combats specific chemical imbalances in patients with mental disorders.
a. electrolysis
b. hypoglycemic therapy
c. drug therapy
d. addiction therapy