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Star Life Cycle Review 1. What is the first stage of star creation? A. Supernova B. Nuclear fusion C. expansion D. protostar 2. A Hertzsprung-Russell diagram helps to classify stars by color, temperature, size, and brightness (luminosity). According to the diagram, an O-class main-sequence star is A. the brightest of the main-sequence stars B. the hottest of the main-sequence stars C. the largest of the main-sequence stars D. all of these 3. Which of the following statements about stars is true? A. The smaller a star is, the longer its life cycle. B. The smaller a star is, the shorter its life cycle. C. The larger a star is, the longer its life cycle. D. All star's life cycles are about the same length, regardless of their size. 4. A star's life cycle is similar to that of a living organism in which of the following ways? A star fits into an ecological niche within its galaxy. Each star competes with other stars for a limited amount A. of resources. B. A star requires a continual supply of material from other stars in order to survive for long periods of time. C. A star undergoes many different stages during its life. And after it dies, the material that made it up can be used by future stars. D. All stars were born when the universe began and will endure until the end of time. 5. The table below describes the properties of several stars. Star Color Temperature Approximate Radius Betelgeuse red 3,500 K 650000000 km Sun white-yellow 5,778 K 700000 km Sirius A blue 9,940 K 1200000 km Pollux orange 4,865 K 5500000 km Which of the stars listed above is most likely considered a supergiant? A. Sun B. Pollux C. Sirius A D. Betelgeuse 6. The mass of a star is many times bigger than the Sun. What other information is needed about the star in order to estimate its age using the star life cycle? A. its composition B. its distance from Earth C. its color D. its location Use the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram to answer the following question: 7. Luminosity is measured in units of Solar luminosity. What is the spectral class of a main sequence star with a luminosity equal to that of the Sun? M G O B 8. The Sun is a medium-size star that, like other stars, is going through the star life cycle. Currently, the Sun is in the main sequence stage of the cycle. What stage will the Sun likely enter next? A. death B. protostar C. super red giant D. red giant 9. Which of the following is not something a star can turn into after it has run out of fuel? A. white dwarf B. brown dwarf C. black hole D. neutron star 10. How bright a star appears to be in the night sky depends on its actual brightness and its A. mass. B. temperature. C. color. D. distance from Earth. 11. An example of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram is shown below. Using this diagram, what can you say about white dwarfs? (Hint: Notice that the temperature on the x-axis is hotter on the left and cooler on the right.) Source: www.nasa.gov A. They are relatively dim, but very hot. B. They are very bright, but relatively cool. C. They are very bright and hot. D. They are relatively dim and cool. 12. What are the two variables that are incorporated in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? A. a star's luminosity (brightness) and its distance from earth B. a star's age and its distance from earth C. a star's age and its surface temperature D. a star's luminosity (brightness) and its surface temperature 13. A star is born when gas and dust from a nebula become so dense and hot that nuclear fusion starts. Which of the following forces is responsible for the formation of a star? A. gravitation B. magnetism C. friction D. electromagnetic energy 14. What is the name for the portion of a star's life cycle when it is using hydrogen for fuel? A. white dwarf B. red giant C. main sequence D. protostar 15. The color of a star is determined by its temperature, as the table below shows. Color Temperature (K) blue 30,000-60,000 bluish 10,000-30,000 blue-white 7,500-10,000 white 6,000-7,500 yellow-white 5,000-6,000 orange 3,500-5,000 red 3,500 and less What color are the coolest stars (based on temperature not on Mr. DelliGatti’s coolness )? A. yellow B. white C. blue D. red 16. Which of the following describes a major role of gravity in star formation? The gravitational forces of planets push gases from their atmospheres to form a star at the solar system's A. center. B. Gravity causes an interstellar cloud fragment to expand rapidly until it is large enough to form a star at its center. C. Asteroids passing by a solar system are pulled in by planets' gravities to form a star at the center of the solar system. D. Gravity compresses gases at the center of a solar nebula until temperatures are high enough for nuclear fusion to occur.