Download World War II Section 1 - Geneva Area City Schools

World War II
Section 1
14-1
WorldCh
War
II Learning Goal/Content Statement
Section 1
• Explain how the consequences of World
War I and the worldwide depression set the
stage for the rise of totalitarianism,
aggressive Axis expansion and the policy of
appeasement which in turn led to World War
II.
World War II
•
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•
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•
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•
Ch 14-1 Vocabulary
Appeasement
Winston Churchill:
Axis Powers:.
nonaggression pact:
blitzkrieg
Allies
Battle of Britain: (1940)
Hideki Tojo
Isolationism:
Section 1
World War II
Ch 14-1 vocabulary
Section 1
• Appeasement : giving in to aggressive demands in order to
avoid war.
•
-Italy/Ethiopia
•
-Japan/Manchuria, China
•
-Germany/Rhineland, Austria, Sudetenland,
Czechoslovakia, Poland p.438
• Winston Churchill: (1874-1965) British prime minister; he
opposed the policy of appeasement and led Great Britain
through WWII.
• Axis Powers: the alliance of Germany, Italy, and Japan in
WWII.
• nonaggression pact: an agreement between nations to not
attack one another.
•
World War II
Ch 14-1 vocabulary
Section 1
• blitzkrieg: a German “lightning war”; a fast, forceful style of
fighting used by Germans in WWII
• Allies: the alliance of Britain, France, and Russia in WWII;
joined by the United States after the Japanese bombing of
Pearl Harbor in 1941.
• Battle of Britain: (1940) three month air battle between
Germany and Great Britain fought over Great Britain during
WWII; Britain’s victory forestalled a German invasion.
• Hideki Tojo: (1884-1948) Japanese nationalist and general;
he took control of Japan during WWII. He was later tried and
executed for war crimes.
• Isolationism: staying out of the affairs and wars of other
nations; the position initially held by the United States at the
Beginning of WWII. Still supported the Allied forces.
World War II
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Section 1
World War II
Section 1
1)World
How did
feel?
Warthe
II Treaty of Versailles make Germans
Section
1 What
was lebensraum? Who was unwilling to do what?
• -severely damaged the German economy
• -terms of the treaty left Germans feeling humiliated
• -Lebensraum (LAY-buhnz-rowm): Hitler wanted
nation to have lebensraum or, “living space” in
which the German people could grow and prosper.
• -Hitler wanted Germany to have more territory.
• Wanted to unite all German-speaking
people(Nationalism).
• -Germany’s neighbors were aware of the threat of
German expansion.
• -no one was willing to fight over Hitler’s words.
2) What
What
World
Wardid
II Hitler begin to do in secret?
Section
1 did
this violate?
• -Hitler realized nobody wanted to fight over his
words or actions
• -became chancellor in 1933
• -Began to secretly rebuild the German military
which had been greatly weakened post WWI
• -violations of Treaty of Versailles
RESENTMENT!!!
• -Hitler signed treaty in 1935 allowing to build
submarines and warships in the name of stopping
the spread of communism; actually planning to
build a mighty German empire.
3)What
World does
War IIHitler do in 1936? What did this violate?
Section 1How do
Britain and France react? Hitler grows what?
• -he was ready to take more direct action
• -March: sent a small armed force into the Rhineland
this was territory that bordered France.
• -Hitler claimed to be reacting to a recent French-Soviet
military agreement , which he said threatened Germany.
• -violates Treaty of Versailles!!!; which required Germany
to stay out of that zone.
• -Britain and France complained about Germany violating
the treaty
• -Britain and France took no direct action  German
troops remained in the Rhineland and Hitler grew bolder.
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4.Annexing Austria
Aggressive moves
Section 1
Hitler’s demands
• Europeans eager to avoid war • Hitler demanded Austrian
officials accept annexation
• Hitler plotted his moves
(Anschluss): officially join
another country
• Target-Austria
• German-speaking country
• Initial Austrian resistance
• Hitler’s birthplace
• Britain and France did nothing
• Nazi supporters in Austria
• March 1938-unopposed
German forces take over
Austria
• Austria agreed to annexation
because they knew Germany
could take over forcefully if
needed.
World War II 5.Threats to Czechoslovakia
Section 1
Another German-speaking population
• Sudetenland eager to be a part of Germany. German speaking.
• Hitler threatened the Czech government. Encouraged Czech citizens to revolt.
• Czechs prepared for war
Avoiding conflict: Munich Conference
• September 1938—meeting in Munich: Munich Agreement: Hitler says no more
territorial demands. March 1939 Hitler takes over rest of Czechoslovakia.
• Chamberlain (British) and Daladier (French) agreed not to block Hitler.
• Czechs had no representatives at the Munich Conference.
• British and French were more interested in avoiding conflict. Don’t block Hitler.
• Czechs had no support: would fight Germany alone. Accept Germany’s terms.
Policy of appeasement
• Appeasement—giving in to aggressive demands in order to avoid war
• Winston Churchill opposed the policy
• “We have achieved peace for our time” according to Chamberlain. Resigns PM 5/1940
• Churchill blasts Chamberlain. “Why not make a stand (against Hitler) while there is
still a good company of united, very powerful countries?”
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Appeasement Map
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6)Where
else
World War
II did totalitarian regimes emerge?
Section 1 They
showed a disregard for what?
• -Italy and Japan
• -Showed disregard for the opinions of other
nations NATIONALISM
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7) What did Germany, Italy, and Japan form?
• -formed a series of military alliances
• -AXIS POWERS
• -Anti-Comintern Pact (1936): vs communists
October
25, 1936 Axis was declared
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II
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8) Why War
were II
Germany and Italy seen as natural enemies
to the1Soviet
World
Section
Union? What happens that is surprising?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-1930’s Fascist Germany and Italy strongly opposed the Communist
Soviet Union. Anti-Comintern Pact 1936.
-fascism and communism were very different although both totalitarian.
-fascism was based in extreme nationalism and loyalty to the state.
-communism sought international change and a classless society. State
would wither away.
-Stalin worried about Germany military expansion
-1939 British and French officials discussed a possible alliance with the
Soviets, but Stalin had lost faith in their ability to protect his country from
the Germans. He was secretly negotiating with the Germans.
-NONAGGRESSION PACT: signed between U.S.S.R. and Germany
-allowed further German aggression in Europe. Signed 8/1939.
(Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact)
-secret section of the pact recognized each side’s right to take territory in
Eastern Europe, including dividing Poland into Soviet and German areas
-News of the pact shocked Britain and France, hoped the Soviets would
support themWWI Russia on the side of The Allies.
9)What
happens
on September 1, 1939? How
was Poland
World
War
II
Section
1
defenseless? What happens on Sept. 3, 1939?
• -Germany launches an attack on Poland; wants
their land APPEASEMENT FAILS!
• -*blitzkrieg : “lightning war”, it emphasized speed
and close coordination between planes in the air
and fast-moving forces on the ground
• -Polish air force destroyed quickly.
• -Poland countryside offered few natural barriers to
slow the blitzkrieg. Taken over within a month.
• -Sept. 3, 1939: Great Britain and France declare
war on Germany in response to attack on Poland.
• Two weeks later U.S.S.R invades eastern Poland.
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Blitzkrieg
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WWI Tanks
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WWI Tanks
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10)Causes
of World War I and World
War1II
World
War II
Section
Causes of WWI
Similarities
Causes of WWII
10)Causes
of World War I and World
War1II
World
War II
Section
Causes of WWI
Similarities
Causes of WWII
-Rivalries due to
Militarism
imperialism
Alliances:
Axis Powers and
-military alliances Central Powers vs
Triple Alliance
Allied Powers
and Triple
Imperialism:
Entente
Imperialism vs.
Appeasement
-assassination of Nationalism
Franz Ferdinand
-Treaty of Versailles
-Rise of Dictators
-Era of
Appeasement
*Japan and
Manchuria
*Italy and Ethiopia,
and Albania
*Germany and
Rhineland,
Sudetenland,
Austria
Czechoslovakia, and
finally Poland
14-1
WorldCh
War
II Learning Goal/Content Statement
Section 1
• Explain how the consequences of World
War I and the worldwide depression set the
stage for the rise of totalitarianism,
aggressive Axis expansion and the policy of
appeasement which in turn led to World War
II.
World War II
German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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11) What happens during combat in France and Britain? List 2 facts for each.
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Sept.1939-March 1940 *Sitzkrieg: phony war. Nothing happens Winter 1939-40.
April 1940
Hitler invaded Denmark and Norway. Lightly defended.
» This improved Germany’s access to the Atlantic.
» Both countries fell with little resistance.
May 1940
Germans invaded France.
» Germans conquered the Netherlands and stormed into Belgium.
» Belgian, British, and French troops tried to stop the Germans in
Belgium.
» By early June the Germans had trapped hundreds of thousands of
Allied soldiers at the French port of Dunkirk.
» Meanwhile, German forces attacked France through the Ardennes.
The Maginot Line had been bypassed.
June 1940
France surrendered to Germany and Italy.
» The unoccupied part of France was known as Vichy France.
» Many French leaders, including Charles de Gaulle, fled to Great
Britain to organize resistance to German and Vichy control of
France.
**Battle of Britain**: Hitler attempts to invade Britain with Luftwaffe
from June-Sept. 1940. Invasion unsuccessful.
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Maginot Line
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12)What
in June of 1941? Who
does
World
Warhappens
II
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1 this
bring into the war?
•
•
•
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-Hitler broke the non-aggression pact with Stalin and sent
3 million troops into the Soviet Union.
-Brings Russia into the war.
-at first blitzkrieg was very effective
-Soviet Army was large in numbers but ill prepared for war
-Germans had pushed deep into Soviet territory, but had not
managed to reach Russia’s capital of Leningrad by autumn of
1941.
-Germans had not prepared for the extremely harsh
temperatures of the Soviet winter.
-Germans lacked warm clothing and their vehicles and
equipment worked poorly in the cold.
-Soviets begin to fight back in winter of 1941-1942
Germany’s great blunder.
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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German Expansion
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UNDER AXIS CONTROL
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II
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13)What
Japan?
World
War II had Americans banned to
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1
• -Japan continued territorial expansion moved
into French Indochina (Vietnam).
• -area was rich in oil, rubber, and other natural
resources.
• -WHY WAS U.S. NERVOUS ABOUT
PACIFIC??? Hawaii. Worried about U.S. and
British territories in the Pacific.
• -Nervous American officials banned the sale of
oil to Japan; move was designed to slow the
Japanese war machine.
• -Peace talks continued between Japan and
U.S. but Japan planned for war
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Section 1
13)What
happens
on December 7, 1941?
List at
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II
Section
1 least
3 facts.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
-U.S. saw treaty between Germany and Japan as cause for concern
Japan initiates surprise attack on U.S. Navy Pacific Fleet
Attack lasted two hours
December 7, 1941
Fighters and bombers launched from carriers
Raid a success
Major destruction
Heavy casualties
– 2,400 dead
– 200 planes gone
– Eight battleships sunk
– Pacific fleet decimated could have pushed further inland
• Three carriers survived
• -APPEASEMENT Japan thought all would be forgiven and they
would get their oil back.
14)
What
America’s Response to Pearl
Harbor?
World
Warwas
II
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1
• -had a profound impact
• -prior to that point most Americans believed U.S.
should stay out of the war *Isolationism
• Prior to this point, provided financial support to
Allies
• -Isolationism common because many questioned
what Allied victory in WWI had actually
accomplished
• -Did WWI accomplish anything???
• -On December 8, 1941 U.S. declares war on
Japan. Three days later Germany and Italy declare
war on U.S.
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German Expansion
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