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Dew, Frost, Fog and Clouds! Dew Point No, it’s not the point of dew… Humidity of air is determined by the amount of water vapour it has __________________ amount of water present in a body of air ________________- is the percentage of water vapour in the air _______________ when the air is 100% saturated it cannot hold any more water If air is 50% saturated, how much more water can it hold? _______________________________________________ What happens when the air gets warmer? _______________________________________________ Dew After sunset, the ground quickly loses a lot of heat it gets in the day. What does this mean for the air? __________________________________________________ As the temperature drops, the relative humidity continues to increase until the air is 100% saturated Why would this cause water droplets on the ground? ________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________ Fog When air close to earth is cooled enough that the dew point has reached, water vapour begins to condense and forms a low lying cloud called _______ ________________________ Forms during _______________________________ When the ground cools in the evening, it cools the air close to ground level As the temperature reaches dew point, water vapour begins to condense and low lying fog becomes visible If the air being cooled has a lot of moisture in it, very thick ____________________________________will form Can last for days if the heat of the Sun is not strong enough to raise the temperature Advection Fog Needs air to be moving horizontally Warm, moist air passes over a cool surface like the ocean and the temperature drops What happens if it drops enough to hit the dew point? ___________________________ ___________________________ This type of fog can be blown inland and cause major travel problems Clouds Simply condensed water vapour that consists of water droplets or ice crystals Three main types of clouds: High Clouds Middle Clouds Low Clouds High Clouds Seen at altitudes of 7000-13000 metres Mostly made of ice crystals, do not produce precipitation ____________- indicate the arrival of a warm front __________________- similar to cirrus but have a layered appearance _________________- also layered but are much thicker and may cover the entire sky Middle Clouds Formed at altitudes from 2000 to 7000 metres ________________- white and gray in colour and have a puffy appearance ____________- appear blue-ish gray, never white because of the high amount of condensed water vapour in the cloud Low Clouds Found at lower altitudes ____________________- appear white but may have dark patches. Not rain clouds. ______________- appear gray in colour and have a base that looks the same across the sky. Do not create heavy precipitation, but a steady, light drizzle. ______________________- layers and dark due to high moisture content. They can create steady, prolonged precipitation. ________________________ these clouds are generated by rising air currents and can reach heights of __________________ ________________- vertical, white in colour with a dark, flat base. Rising air currents produce a cauliflower appearance at the top. Can be transformed into cumulonimbus clouds if it is warm enough… what are these? ___________________- have violent, circulating air currents that can create massive hail stones. Thunder and lightning are associated with this type of cloud. Dew Point Dew High Clouds Cirrus Altostratus Cumulus Absolute Humidity Fog Middle Clouds Cirrostratus Stratocumulus Cumulonimbus Relative Humidity Saturation Radiation Fog Low Clouds Cirrocumulus Stratus Advection Fog Vertical Clouds Altocumulus Nimbostratus