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Myers’ EXPLORING
PSYCHOLOGY
(7th Ed)
Chapter 14
Therapy
Modified from:
James A. McCubbin, PhD
Clemson University
Worth Publishers
Psychotherapy
Treatment involving psychological techniques;
interactions between trained therapist &
someone seeking to overcome psychological
difficulties or achieve personal growth
Biomedical therapy
Prescribed medication or medical procedures
that act directly on nervous system
Eclectic Approach
Approach to psychotherapy that, depending
on client’s problems, uses techniques from
various forms of therapy
Psychological Therapies:
Psychoanalysis
Freud believed patient’s free associations,
resistances, dreams & transferences (&
therapist’s interpretations) released previously
repressed feelings, allowing patient to gain selfinsight
Few still practice, but techniques & assumptions
survive in psychodynamic therapies
Resistance
Blocking from consciousness of anxiety-laden
material
Psychological Therapies:
Psychoanalysis
Interpretation
Analyst notes supposed dream
meanings, resistances & other
significant behaviors to promote insight
Transference
Patient transfers to analyst emotions
linked with other relationships
Ex. Love or hatred for parent
Psychological Therapies:
Humanistic Therapy
Client-Centered (Person-Centered)
Therapy (Rogers)
Therapist uses techniques such as
active listening within genuine,
accepting, empathic environment to
facilitate clients’ growth
Active Listening
Feature of Client-Centered Therapy
Empathic listening in which listener echoes,
restates, & clarifies
Psychological Therapies:
Behavior Therapy
Applies learning principles to elimination of unwanted
behaviors
Counterconditioning
Based on classical conditioning
Conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger
unwanted behaviors
Exposure therapies
Treat anxieties by exposing people (in imagination
or actuality) to things they fear & avoid
Aversive conditioning
Associates unpleasant state with unwanted
behavior
Psychological Therapies:
Behavior Therapy
Systematic Desensitization
Associates
pleasant relaxed
state with
gradually
increasing
anxietytriggering stimuli
Commonly used
for phobias
Psychological Therapies:
Behavior Therapy
Aversive Conditioning
Psychological Therapies:
Behavior Therapy
Token Economy
Operant conditioning procedure that
rewards desired behavior
Earn token for exhibiting desired
behavior & can later exchange tokens
for various privileges or treats
Psychological Therapies:
Cognitive Therapy
Teaches people new, more adaptive
ways of thinking & acting
Based on assumption that thoughts
intervene between events &
emotional reactions
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Combines cognitive therapy (changing
self-defeating thinking) with behavior
therapy (changing behavior)
Psychological Therapies:
Group & Family Therapy
Group Therapy
Family Therapy
Treats family as system (no one is an
island)
Views individual’s unwanted
behaviors as influenced by or directed
at other family members
Attempts to guide family members
toward positive relationships &
improved communication
Biomedical Therapies:
Drug Therapies
Psychopharmacology
Study of effects of drugs on mind & behavior
Biomedical Therapies:
Drug Therapies
Biomedical Therapies:
ECT & Psychosurgery
Electroconvulsive Therapy (ECT)
Therapy for severely depressed patients in which
brief electric current is sent through anesthetized
patient’s brain
Psychosurgery
Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in
effort to change behavior
Lobotomy
Now-rare psychosurgical procedure once used to
calm uncontrollably emotional or violent patients
Cut nerves connecting frontal lobes to emotioncontrolling centers of inner brain
Mind-Body Interaction
Everything psychological is simultaneously
biological