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Transcript
December 06, 2016 South Carolina's Secession from the Union 8-4.3 Missouri Compromise Compromise was reached-Missouri was admitted as a slave state—Maine as free state • compromise tried to avoid future controversy by prohibiting slavery in the Louisiana territory north of the 36 30’ latitude line Southerners learned from this crisis the importance of maintaining the balance of Senate votes from free and slave states. Nullification Crisis United States Congress passed a protective tax in 1828 Vice President John C. Calhoun • Wrote, South Carolina Exposition and Protest • claimed it was a state’s right to declare such a law unconstitutional and nullify it through a special state convention • Nullifiers vs Unionists • Calhoun resigned as VP & took a position in the Senate where his voice was stronger. • President Andrew Jackson & the Force Bill Missouri Compromise Westward expansion led to growing sectionalism and controversy over the expansion of slavery to the territories • Missouri applies for statehood • Northern states concerned about Missouri joining the Union as a slave state • 1st time a state had been admitted since the Louisiana Purchase) • Upset the balance of free & slave state votes in Senate Protective Tariffs What is a protective tariff? • Designed to raise import taxes on goods coming from foreign countries--make them more expensive than goods produced in the U.S. • Benefited new industries in the North • SC was largely agriculture • In SC, it raised the price of manufactured goods SC brought from the north & Britain • southerners objected to raising the protective tariff Theories of Secession & Nullification • The theory of secession, as an alternative to mere nullification of laws, allowed states to leave the U.S. if they believed that their rights were being infringed upon. • Under this compact theory-states were more powerful than the federal union • Both theories would be disproved by the civil war December 06, 2016 Mexican War • The California Territory became part of the US through the treaty that ended the Mexican War • 1849 Gold Rush • Californians wanted their state to be “free soil” they petitioned to enter as a free state • Resulted in the Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska Act... • Kansas territory in northern part of the Louisiana Territory • Missouri Compromise states it should not be a slave state • Politicians wanted a railroad to go through Kansas, but needed southern support. Dred Scott Decision • Supreme Court attempt to end the controversy over the role of free states in determining the status of the enslaved • "Once free, always free" • Constitution protects the owner of property from having the government take that property away • Also ruled that the Congress not pass measures limiting the expansion of slavery in the territories Compromise of 1850 • California is a free state • Outlawed slave trade in Washington DC • The rest of the Mexican Cession would decide if they were free/slave by a vote by the residents (popular sovereignty) • Fugitive Slave Law – “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” by Harriet Beecher Stowe (5:26) Kansas-Nebraska Act cont... • Repealed the 36 degree 30' line of the Missouri Compromise • Popular Sovereignty for new states • "Bleeding Kansas" • John Brown and bleeding Kansas Election of 1860 • Republican Abraham Lincoln campaigned on a platform of "free soil" • Lincoln was not an abolitionist in 1860 • After his election, SC called a special convention and signed the Articles of Secession > claimed the rights of South Carolinians had not been and would not be protected by the federal government...6 other states seceded soon after. December 06, 2016