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Air Masses Air Massa huge body of air that has similar temperature, humidity, and air pressure. ContinentalAir from over the land; DRY (ex: Canada; Mexico) MaritimeAir from over the water; MOIST/HUMID (ex: Atlantic Ocean; Pacific Ocean) TropicalAir from around the equator; HOT PolarAir from around the poles; COLD Oct 261:34 PM Fronts Air masses move and bump into each other. The place where two air masses meet is called a front. There are 4 types of fronts: 1) Cold front: Cold air runs into warm air; warm air rises, clouds form, and rain or thunderstorms can form. Cold fronts move quickly. Symbol: 2) Warm front: Warm air runs into cold air. Showers and light rain usually form. Warm fronts move slowly, so rain can fall for several days. Symbol: 3) Stationary front: Warm and cold air meet, but neither has the force to move the other. Clouds or precipitation common. Symbol: 4) Occluded front: Warm air mass is caught between two cold masses. Symbol: Oct 261:36 PM Air masses are described using a combination of the above terms: Continental PolarCold and Dry (Canada) Maritime PolarCold and Moist (NE and NW Oceans) Continental TropicalWarm and Dry (Mexico) Maritime TropicalWarm and Moist (SE and SW Oceans) Oct 261:35 PM High pressure=fair weather; clockwise winds Low pressure=storms and precipitation; counterclockwise winds Oct 261:37 PM 1 Storms Hurricanes • Usually form in the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator over warm water. • Highest winds and lowest pressures are closest to the center; the eye is the center of the hurricane very calm. • Hurricanes weaken as they pass over land. Builds UP from the ocean Oct 261:37 PM Tornadoes • Rapidly whirling funnel shaped cloud that comes DOWN from a storm cloud; • Cause great damage • Has the fastest winds • Likely to form at frontal boundaries where strong thunderstorms are present Oct 261:38 PM Thunderstorms • Storm with thunder, lightning, heavy rains and strong winds; • Form in large cumulonimbus clouds; • Usually form along a cold front • May produce hail Oct 261:38 PM Oct 261:40 PM 2