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The Biomedical Therapies Therapies aimed at the altering the body chemistry. Psychopharmacology • The use of drugs to control or relieve the symptoms of psychological disorders. Drugs and Hospitalization Revolutionized the treatment of people with severe disorders. Testing New Drugs • When a new drug is released there is always a lot of enthusiasm. • Must use a double-blind procedure to combat placebo and experimental effects. Classification of psychoactive drugs Antipsychotic Drugs • Antipsychotic drugs are a class of medicines used to treat psychosis and other mental and emotional conditions. • Typically excite dopamine receptors • They help schizophrenics with both positive and negative symptoms. These drugs often have powerful side effects Antianxiety Drugs • Includes drugs like Xanax, Valium and Librium. • Like alcohol, they depress nervous system activity. Most widely abused drugs. Do they really solve the problem? Antidepressant Drugs • Lift you up out of depression. • Many increase the neurotransmitter norepinephrine but some are serotonin inhibitors. Prozac, Paxil Zoloft • Work by blocking serotonin reuptake. Neurotransmitter animation Mood Stabilizing Medications • Prescribed for those who suffer from the highs and lows of bipolar disorder • The salt lithium is an effective mood stabilizer. • Lithium also reduces the risk of suicide in bipolar patients. How the Mind is affected by medication Medication Video 12:25 BRAIN STIMULATION THERAPIES Electroconvulsive Therapy • Biomedical therapy for severely depressed patients in which brief electric current is sent through the brain of an anesthetized patient. ECT Video Repetitive Transcranial magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) • Applies repeated pulses of magnetic energy to the brain; used to stimulate brain activity. Psychosurgery • Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. Cameron Mott had half of her cerebral cortex removed in order to stop the seizures she was experiencing. Psychosurgery • Surgery that removes or destroys brain tissue in an effort to change behavior. Egas Moniz developed the lobotomy in the 1930s. Ice pick like instrument through the eye sockets cutting the links between the frontal lobes and the emotional control centers. Lobotomy Walter Freeman, the Lobotomist Therapeutic Lifestyle Change • Based on the idea that the mind and the body are a unit – affect one and you affect the other. Therapeutic Lifestyle Change • Aerobic Exercise 30 minutes a day, at least 3 times a week • Adequate Sleep A goal of 7 – 8 hours a night • Light Exposure At least 30 minutes each morning • Social Connection At least two meaningful social engagements per week • Antirumination Identifying and redirecting negative thoughts • Nutritional Supplements Assignment Psychopharmacology in children and adolescents is different than that of adults. “The Medicated Child”